Bifurcation of limit cycles at the equator (Q1021665)

The authors consider a system of order seven given by \[ x'(t) = \sum_{k=0}^{3} X_{k}(x,y) + X_{5}(x,y) + (-y + \delta x)(x^{2} + y^{2})^{3} \] \[ y'(t) = \sum_{k=0}^{3} Y_{k}(x,y) + Y_{5}(x,y) + (x + \delta y)(x^{2} + y^{2})^{3} \] where all coefficients are real numbers. Using complex variables, \(z = x + iy\), \(w = x - iy\), \(T = it\), the seven degree real system is converted into one in complex variables. The authors derive a recursion formula to compute the singular point quantities of the complex system at infinity. Using \texttt{Mathematica} they deduce the first 14 singular point quantities of the complex system at infinity and also they derive conditions for the infinity of the real system to be a center or 14 degree fine focus. Under some conditions on the coefficients, the infinity of the real system can be a stable 14 degree fine focus or there are 12 limit cycles in a small neighborhood of the infinity. As a consequence they obtain a system of order seven where 12 limit cycles bifurcate from the infinity. This example is complete new in the subject.