On a generalization of Jentzsch's theorem (Q1029106)

The authors present a generalization of Jentzsch's theorem that includes polynomials of best approximation, maximally convergent polynomials or Faber expansions, and rational best approximations. Let \(E\) be a compact set in \(\mathbb C\) that has positive logarithmic capacity and \(E^\circ\) denote the interior of \(E\). It is assumed that the complement \(\Omega=\overline{\mathbb C} \setminus E\) is connected and regular in the sense that \(\Omega\) has a Green function with a pole at \(\infty\). For a sequence \(\{p_n\}_{n\in\Lambda}\) of polynomials with \(n = \text{deg}\,p_n\), \(\Lambda\subset\mathbb N\), the authors investigate the value-distribution of \(p_n\) in a neighbourhood \(U\) of a boundary point \(z_0\in E\) if \(G(z)\) is an exact harmonic majorant of the subharmonic functions \(\frac{1}{n}\log|p_n(z)|\) in \(\overline{\mathbb C} \setminus E\). Let \(T\) be the union of all connected components of \(E^\circ\) on which the function \(f(z)\) is constant. The main result of the paper is as follows: Let \(\{p_n\}_{n\in\Lambda}\) be a sequence of polynomials that converges locally uniformly to the analytic function \(f\) in \(E^\circ\). Assume that the sequence \(\{p_n\}_{n\in\Lambda}\) satisfies the following conditions: \[ \lim_{n\in\Lambda,n\to\infty}\sup\frac{1}{n} \log \| p_n\|_E\leq 0,\tag{1} \] (2) there exists a compact set \(S\subset\Omega\) with \[ \lim_{n\in\Lambda,n\to\infty}\inf\left[\frac{1}{n} \log | p_n(z)|-G(z)\right]\geq 0. \] If \(\{\rho_n\}_{n\in\Lambda}\) is a sequence of positive numbers with \[ \lim_{n\in\Lambda,n\to\infty}\inf\rho_n^{1/n}\leq1,\tag{3} \] then for any point \(z_0\) in the closure of \(\partial E \setminus \partial T\) and any neighbourhood \(U\) of \(z_0\) there exists \(n_0 = n_0(U)\) such that for all \(n\geq n_0\), \(n\in \Lambda\), the image domains \(p_n(U)\) contain the disks \(B_{\rho_n}(0)\). Remark that by Bernstein-Walsh's lemma, (1) and (2) are equivalent to: \[ \lim_{n\in\Lambda,n\to\infty}\frac{1}{n} \log \| p_n(z)\|_E=0,\tag{1'} \] and \[ \lim_{n\in\Lambda,n\to\infty}\max_{z\in S}\left[\frac{1}{n} \log | p_n(z)|-G(z)\right]=0,\tag{2'} \] where \(S=\{x\in E^\circ: f(z)\equiv0\,\,\text{in\,\,a\,\, neighbourhood\,\, of}\,\,x\}\). Moreover, condition (2') is referred to as: ``The sequence \(\left\{\frac{1}{n} \log |p_n(z)|\right\}_{n\in\Lambda}\) has the Green function \(G(z)\) as exact harmonic majorant''. It follows from the Bernstein-Walsh inequality \[ \frac{1}{n} \log | p_n(z)|-G(z)\leq\frac{1}{n} \log \| p_n(z)\|_E, \quad z\in\Omega, \] that condition (3) cannot be replaced by \[ \lim_{n\in\Lambda,n\to\infty}\sup\rho_n^{1/n}>1. \]