On the existence of ground state solutions to nonlinear Schrödinger equations with multisingular inverse-square anisotropic potentials (Q1031823)

The author studies the problem in molecular physics: \[ -\Delta v-\sum_{i=1\sim k} h_i((x- a_i|)/|x- a_i)/|x- a_i| v(x)/|x- a_i|^2= v^{(N+2)/(N-2)}, \] \(v> 0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^N- \{a_1,\dots, a_k\}\); \(a_i\), \(x\in\mathbb{R}^N\). Ground state solution with the smallest energy is given by minimization of the Rayleigh quotient: \[ S(h_1,\dots, h_k)= \inf_{0\neq u\in D^{1, 2}(\mathbb{R}^N)} Q(u)/\Biggl(\int_{\mathbb{R}^N} |u|^{2N/(N- 2)}\,dx\Biggr)^{(N-2)/N}, \] \[ Q(u)= \int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|\nabla u|^2 \,dx- \sum_{i= 1\sim k} \int_{\mathbb{R}^N}h_i((x- a_i)/|x- a_i|) u(x)^2/|x- a_i|^2 \,dx. \] A necessary condition for the solvability is \(Q(u)\geq 0\) for all \(u\in D^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)\) with the norm \[ \| u\|_{D_{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)}:= \Biggl(\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|\nabla u|^2\Biggr)^{1/2}. \] \(\mu_1(h)\) is the first eigenvalue of the operator \(-\Delta_{S^{N-1}}- h(\theta)\) on \(S^{N-1}\). Theorem. \(a_i\neq a_j\) in \(\mathbb{R}^N\) for \(i\neq j\), and \(h_i\in C^1(S^{N-1})\), \(i= 1,\dots, k\), satisfy \[ \inf_{0\neq u\in D^{1, 2}(\mathbb{R}^N)}Q(u)\| u\|^2_{D^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)}> 0. \] Suppose that \[ S(h_k)= \min\{S(h_j);\;j= 1,\dots, k\}\leq S\Biggl(\sum_{i= 1\sim k} h_i\Biggr); \] \(\max_{S^{N-1}} h_k> 0\), if \(N\geq 4\), \(\int_{S^{N-1}} h_k\geq 0\), if \(N= 3\); \[ \sum_{i= 1\sim k-1} h_i((a_k- a_i)/|a_k- a_i|)/|a_k- a_i|^2> 0, \] if \(\mu_1(h_k)\geq -(N- 2)^2/4+ 1\). Then, the infimum in \(S(h_1,\dots, h_k)\) is achieved and the problem admits a solution in \(D^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)\). Sufficient condition for the case \(-(N- 2)^2/4+ 1>\mu_1(h_k)>-(N- 2)^2/4\) is also given.