Semiclassical asymptotics of the spectrum of a nonselfadjoint operator on the sphere (Q1033853)

The authors study the asymptotic behavior, as \(\varepsilon\to 0\), of the spectrum of the shifted Laplace operator \(\hat H:=\varepsilon\Delta+\partial_v\) on the standard two-dimensional sphere \(\mathbb S^2\). Here \(v\) stands for the vector field on \(\mathbb S^2\) directed along the parallels and depending on the latitude only. The authors consider the case \(v=\sin\theta\frac{\partial}{\partial\varphi}\), where \((\theta,\varphi)\) are the latitude and longitude on the sphere. In order to state the main result of the paper, for any integer \(m=O(1)\), consider the graph \(\Gamma\) on the complex plane of a variable \(E\) which consists of three curves given by the equations \[ \text{Im}\int^1_{-1}\sqrt{\frac{imx-E}{1-x^2}}dx=0,\;\text{Im}\int^{\frac E{im}}_{-1}\sqrt{\frac{imx-E}{1-x^2}}dx=0,\;\text{Im}\int^1_{\frac E{im}}\sqrt{\frac{imx-E}{1-x^2}}dx=0. \] Then, the authors prove two main theorems. {Theorem 1.} Let \(E\) be a point (of the complex plane) not belonging to the graph \(\Gamma\). In this case, some neighborhood of \(E\) independent of \(O(\varepsilon)\), contains no points of the spectrum of \(\hat H\). The theorem, thus, implies that, for \(\varepsilon\to 0\), the spectrum of \(\hat H\) is concentrated near the graph \(\Gamma\). So, the graph \(\Gamma\) is called the spectral graph of the operator \(\hat H\). {Theorem 2.} Let a complex number \(E\) satisfy one of the following relations \[ \frac 1{\pi\sqrt{\varepsilon}}\int^1_{-1}\sqrt{\frac{imx-E}{1-x^2}}dx=n_1+m+\frac 12,\;\;\frac 1{\pi\sqrt{\varepsilon}}\int^{\frac E{im}}_{-1}\sqrt{\frac{imx-E}{1-x^2}}dx=n_2+\frac m2+\frac 14, \] \[ \frac 1{\pi\sqrt{\varepsilon}}\int^{1}_{\frac E{im}}\sqrt{\frac{imx-E}{1-x^2}}dx=n_3+\frac m2+\frac 14, \] where \(n_j\in\mathbb Z\), \(n_j=O(1/\sqrt{\varepsilon})\). Then, an \(O(\varepsilon)\)-neighborhood of \(E\) contains an eigenvalue \(\lambda\) of \(\hat H\).