On the Riesz basis property of the eigen- and associated functions of periodic and antiperiodic Sturm-Liouville problems (Q1033976)

In the space \(L_2(0,1)\), denote by \(L_{\alpha}\) the Sturm-Liouville operator generated by quasi-periodic boundary conditions. More precisely, the operator is defined by the equalities \[ \begin{aligned} &L_{\alpha}y:=-y''(x)+q(x)y(x),\\ &D(L_{\alpha}):=W^2_2((0,1); y(1)=e^{\pi i\alpha}y(0),y'(1)=e^{\pi i\alpha}y'(0)).\end{aligned} \] Generally, it is assumed that the potential \(q\) is a complex-valued Lebesgue summable function and \(\alpha\in [0,2)\). The authors study in detail the cases \(\alpha=0\) and \(\alpha=1\), which correspond to periodic and antiperiodic problems, respectively, and they find necessary and sufficient conditions for the Riesz basis property of the root functions (eigenfunctions and associated functions) of the corresponding operators \(L_0\) and \(L_1\), respectively. One of the main results of the paper reads as following. Let \(q\) belong to the Sobolev space \(W^p_1(0,1)\) for some integer \(p\geq 0\) and satisfy the conditions \(q^{(k)}(0)=q^{(k)}(1)=0\) for \(0\leq k\leq s-1\), where \(s\leq p\). Let the functions \(Q\) and \(S\) be defined by \[ Q(x)=\int^x_0q(t)dt,\qquad S(x)=Q^2(x) \] and let \(q_n\), \(Q_n\), and \(S_n\) be the Fourier coefficients of \(q\), \(Q\), and \(S\), respectively, with respect to the trigonometric system \(\{e^{2\pi i nx}\}^{\infty}_{-\infty}\). Assume also that the sequence \(q_{2n}-S_{2n}+2Q_0Q_{2n}\) decreases not faster than the powers \(n^{-s-2}\). Then, the system of root functions of the operator \(L_0\) forms a Riesz basis in the space \(L_2(0,1)\) if and only if the condition \[ q_{2n}-S_{2n}+2Q_0Q_{2n}\asymp q_{-2n}-S_{-2n}+2Q_0Q_{-2n},\quad n>1, \] holds.