Kummer generators and lambda invariants (Q1038481)

Let \(F_0 = \mathbb Q(\sqrt{-d})\) be an imaginary quadratic field with \(3 \nmid d\) and \(K_0 = \mathbb Q(\sqrt{3d})\). Let \(F_n\) be the \(n\)-th layer in the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_3\)-extension of \(F_0\) and let \(\lambda\) be its Iwasawa \(\lambda\)-invariant. The authors give conditions for \(\lambda \geq 2\) in terms of the class numbers of \(K_0\) and \(F_0\) and the fundamental unit \(\epsilon_0\) of \(K_0\). For instance, if \(3\) splits in \(F_0\) and does not divide the class number of \(K_0\), then \(\lambda \geq 2\) iff \(\log_3 \epsilon_0 \equiv 0 \mod 9\). If \(\lambda \geq 2\), this means that for sufficiently large \(n\) there are at least two independent unramified abelian extensions of degree \(3\). After adjoining a cube root of unity, the authors show that \(\epsilon_0\) gives a Kummer generator for one of these unramified extensions (if \(3\) splits in \(F_0\)). They also prove that there is a Kummer generator of a second of these unramified extensions which is closely related to \(\epsilon_0\) (if \(3\) does not divide the class number of \(K_0\)). In fact, it turns out that under these assumptions one can take \(n=1\).