Kummer generators and lambda invariants

Abstract: Let

F_{0} = m a t h b f Q (s q r t - d)

be an imaginary quadratic field with

3 m i d d

and let

K_{0} = m a t h b f Q (s q r t 3 d)

. Let

v a r e p s i l o n_{0}

be the fundamental unit of

K_{0}

and let

l a m b d a

be the Iwasawa

l a m b d a

-invariant for the cyclotomic

m a t h b f Z_{3}

-extension of

F_{0}

. The theory of 3-adic

L

-functions gives conditions for

l a m b d a g e 2

in terms of

e p s i l o n_{0}

and the class numbers of

F_{0}

and

K_{0}

. We construct units of

K_{1}

, the first level of the

m a t h b f Z_{3}

-extension of

K_{0}

, that potentially occur as Kummer generators of unramified extensions of

F_{1} (z e t a_{3})

and which give an algebraic interpretation of the condition that

l a m b d a g e 2

. We also discuss similar results on

l a m b d a g e 2

that arise from work of Gross-Koblitz.

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