On the structure of the Galois group of the maximal pro-p extension with restricted ramification over the cyclotomic Z_p-extension

DOI10.3836/TJM/1502179301MaRDI QIDQ784836zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Tsuyoshi Itoh

Publication date 3 August 2020

Published in Tokyo Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.10268, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.tjm/1566612101

zbMATH Keywords

Demuskin groupsfree pro-\(p\)-groupsGreenberg's conjectureIwasawa theoryrestricted ramification

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Iwasawa theory (11R23)

Abstract: Let $k_{i}nfty$ be the cyclotomic $mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of an algebraic number field $k$. We denote by $S$ a finite set of prime numbers which does not contain $p$, and $S(k_{i}nfty)$ the set of primes of $k_{i}nfty$ lying above $S$. In the present paper, we will study the structure of the Galois group $mathcal{X}_S(k_{i}nfty)$ of the maximal pro-$p$ extension unramified outside $S(k_{i}nfty)$ over $k_{i}nfty$. We mainly consider the question whether $mathcal{X}_S(k_{i}nfty)$ is a non-abelian free pro-$p$ group or not. In the former part, we treat the case when $k$ is an imaginary quadratic field and $S=emptyset$ (here $p$ is an odd prime number which does not split in $k$). In the latter part, we treat the case when $k$ is a totally real field and $Seqemptyset$.

Review text

Let \(p\) be a prime and let \(k_{\infty}\) be the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_p\)-extension of a number field \(k\). Let \(S\) be a finite set of primes which does not contain \(p\). The author investigates the structure of \(G_S(k_{\infty})\), the Galois group over \(k_{\infty}\) of the maximal pro-\(p\)-extension of \(k_{\infty}\) which is unramified outside \(S\). In particular, he studies the question whether \(G_S(k_{\infty})\) is a non-abelian free pro-\(p\)-group. Set \(G(k_{\infty}) := G_{\emptyset}(k_{\infty})\) and let \(X(k_{\infty})\) be its abelianization. It is expected that \(G(k_{\infty})\) is never a non-abelian free pro-\(p\)-group. Some still conjectural evidence for this is the following result of \textit{S. Fujii} [Acta Arith. 149, No. 2, 101--110 (2011; Zbl 1250.11094)]: Suppose that \(p\) splits completely in \(k\). Then \textit{R. Greenberg}'s [Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 30, 335--385 (2001; Zbl 0998.11054)] generalized conjecture fails for \(k\) at \(p\) if \(G(k_{\infty})\) is a non-abelian free pro-\(p\)-group. In fact, Fujii has shown that Greenberg's conjecture implies that \(G(k_{\infty})\) is either isomorphic to \(\mathbb Z_p\) or has derived depth at most \(1\). \par In the first part of the paper under review the author gives sufficient conditions for the non-freeness of \(G(k_{\infty})\) for imaginary quadratic \(k\) and odd \(p\), mainly in terms of \(\lambda\)-invariants of \(X(k_{\infty})\) and \(X(F_{\infty})\), where \(F\) is an extension of \(\mathbb Q\) of degree \(p\) that is contained in an unramified cyclic extension \(K\) of \(k\). The existence of \(K\) is guaranteed by one of the conditions on \(k\), namely that the class number of \(k\) is divisible by \(p\). Moreover, \(p\) is assumed to be non-split in \(k\). In the second part of the paper, \(p\) is an arbitrary prime and the number field \(k\) is assumed to be totally real. The main result is the following variant of Fujii's theorem. If \(G_S(k_{\infty})\) is a non-abelian free pro-\(p\)-group, then there is a totally real number field (in general different from \(k\)) such that Greenberg's conjecture fails. More generally, there exists a counterexample for Greenberg's conjecture if there is an infinite Galois extension of \(k_{\infty}\) that is unramified outside \(S\) and whose Galois group is a free pro-\(p\)-group of generator rank at least \(2\) or a Demuškin group of generator rank at least \(3\). The paper also contains some computational evidence for the non-freeness of \(G(k_{\infty})\) for imaginary quadratic \(k\) and \(p=3\).

Recommendations

• Greenberg's generalized conjecture and unramified Galois groups over the cyclotomic Z_p-extensions
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Cited in

(23)

• On the pro-\(p\)-extensions with restricted ramification over the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_p\)-extension of a number field
• -extensions and corestriction homomorphism
• A note on free pro-\(p\)-extensions of algebraic number fields
• Greenberg conjectures and free pro-p-extensions of a number field
• On tame pro-p Galois groups over basic Z_p-extensions
• The Neukirch-Uchida theorem with restricted ramification
• On pro-\(p\)-extensions of number fields with restricted ramification over intermediate \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extensions
• On the Galois structure of some pro-\(p\)-extensions of number fields
• Some problems on \(p\)-class field towers
• Galois module structure of the p-subgroup of the minus part of the ray class group in Z_p-extensions
• On some properties of Galois groups of unramified extensions
• On the depth of the relations of the maximal unramified pro-p Galois group over the cyclotomic Z_p-extension
• Greenberg's generalized conjecture and unramified Galois groups over the cyclotomic Z_p-extensions
• Restricted Ramification for Imaginary Quadratic Number Fields and a Multiplicator Free Group
• On Galois groups of p-closed algebraic number fields with restricted ramification II.
• Galois groups of number fields generated by torsion points of elliptic curves
• On the center of Galois groups of maximal pro-p extensions of algebraic number fields with restricted ramification.
• The commutativity of Galois groups of the maximal unramified pro-\(p\)-extensions over the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_{p}\)-extensions. II
• On the maximal unramified p-extension of an algebraic number field.
• On \(q\)-ramified abelian 3-extensions over the initial layer of the anti-cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_{3}\)-extension of an imaginary quadratic field
• On the cohomological dimension of some pro-p-extensions above the cyclotomic Z_p-extension of a number field.
• The commutativity of the Galois groups of the maximal unramified pro-\(p\)-extensions over the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_p\)-extensions
• On Galois groups of abelian extensions over maximal cyclotomic fields

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