Kummer generators and lambda invariants

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2009.06.001MaRDI QIDQ1038481zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors David Hubbard, Lawrence C. Washington

Publication date 18 November 2009

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0810.1691

zbMATH Keywords

class numbersKummer generatorslambda invariants

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Iwasawa theory (11R23) Units and factorization (11R27) Class numbers, class groups, discriminants (11R29)

Abstract: Let $F_0=mathbfQ(sqrt-d)$ be an imaginary quadratic field with $3midd$ and let $K_0=mathbfQ(sqrt3d)$. Let $varepsilo{n}_0$ be the fundamental unit of $K_0$ and let $lambda$ be the Iwasawa $lambda$-invariant for the cyclotomic $mathbf{Z}_3$-extension of $F_0$. The theory of 3-adic $L$-functions gives conditions for $lambdage2$ in terms of $epsilo{n}_0$ and the class numbers of $F_0$ and $K_0$. We construct units of $K_1$, the first level of the $mathbf{Z}_3$-extension of $K_0$, that potentially occur as Kummer generators of unramified extensions of $F_1(zet{a}_3)$ and which give an algebraic interpretation of the condition that $lambdage2$. We also discuss similar results on $lambdage2$ that arise from work of Gross-Koblitz.

Review text

Let \(F_0 = \mathbb Q(\sqrt{-d})\) be an imaginary quadratic field with \(3 \nmid d\) and \(K_0 = \mathbb Q(\sqrt{3d})\). Let \(F_n\) be the \(n\)-th layer in the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_3\)-extension of \(F_0\) and let \(\lambda\) be its Iwasawa \(\lambda\)-invariant. The authors give conditions for \(\lambda \geq 2\) in terms of the class numbers of \(K_0\) and \(F_0\) and the fundamental unit \(\epsilon_0\) of \(K_0\). For instance, if \(3\) splits in \(F_0\) and does not divide the class number of \(K_0\), then \(\lambda \geq 2\) iff \(\log_3 \epsilon_0 \equiv 0 \mod 9\). If \(\lambda \geq 2\), this means that for sufficiently large \(n\) there are at least two independent unramified abelian extensions of degree \(3\). After adjoining a cube root of unity, the authors show that \(\epsilon_0\) gives a Kummer generator for one of these unramified extensions (if \(3\) splits in \(F_0\)). They also prove that there is a Kummer generator of a second of these unramified extensions which is closely related to \(\epsilon_0\) (if \(3\) does not divide the class number of \(K_0\)). In fact, it turns out that under these assumptions one can take \(n=1\).

Recommendations

• A remark on the -invariant of real quadratic fields
• Class numbers and Iwasawa invariants of quadratic fields
• On the \(\lambda\) invariants of \(\mathbb Z_p\)-extensions of real quadratic fields
• Iwasawa _3-invariants of certain cubic fields
• On the Iwasawa λ-invariants of real quadratic fields

Cites work

• Dihedral side extensions and class groups
• Examples of Iwasawa invariants, II
• Gauss sums and the p-adic \(\Gamma\)-function
• Heuristics for class numbers and lambda invariants
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 611919 (Why is no real title available?)
• Kapitulation der Idealklassen und Einheitenstruktur in Zahlkörpern.
• On a certain l-adic representation

Cited in

(4)

• A capitulation problem and Greenberg’s conjecture on real quadratic fields
• The Lambda Invariants at CM Points
• Initial layer of the anti-cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension of \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-m})\) and capitulation phenomenon
• On the structure of the Galois group of the maximal pro-\(p\) extension with restricted ramification over the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension

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