Factors of binomial sums from the Catalan triangle (Q1038488)

This paper generalizes the identities on the Catalan triangle obtained by Miana and Romero by using the Newton interpolation formula, and studies divisibility properties of sums of products of binomial coefficients and an odd power of a natural number. For example, for all positive integers \(n_1, \dots , n_m, n_{m+1}=n_1\), and any nonnegative integer \(r\), the expression \[ n_1^{-1}{n_1 + n_m \choose n_1}^{-1} \sum_{k=1}^{n_1} k^{2r+1} \prod_{i=1}^m {n_i + n_{i+1} \choose n_i + k} \] is proved to be either an integer or a half-integer. Moreover, several related conjectures are proposed in this paper.