Moments on Catalan numbers (Q953493)

Let \(C_n=\frac1{n+1}\binom{2n}n\) be the \(n\)th Catalan number and let \(B_{n,k}=\frac kn\binom{2n}{n-k}\), \(1\leq k\leq n\), be the numbers in the Catalan triangle. Then it was proved among others in [\textit{J. M. Gutiérrez}, \textit{M. A. Hernández}, \textit{P. J. Miana} and \textit{N. Romero}, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 341, No. 1, 52--61 (2008; Zbl 1147.05003)] that \(\sum_{k=1}^n k B_{n,k}^2=\binom{n+1}2 C_n C_{n-1}\) and that \(\sum_{k=1}^n k^2 B_{n,k}^2=(3n-2) C_{2n-2}\). The authors of this paper answer a question posed in the above mentioned article concerning explicit expressions for \(\Omega_m(n):=\sum_{k=1}^n k^m B_{n,k}^2\) for arbitrary \(m\). They show by sophisticated applications of elementary methods that with \(\lambda_k(m,n):=\sum_{i=0}^k\binom{2n}{i}\binom{2k-2n}{k-1}(n-i)^{2m+1}\) these numbers are given by \[ \Omega_{2m+1}(n)=\sum_{k=0}^{m+1} C_{n} C_{n-k}\frac{(1+n)(1+n-k)}{n(4n-2k)} \lambda_k(1+m,n) \] and by \[ \Omega_{2m}(n)=\sum_{k=0}^{m+1} C_{2n-k}\frac{1+2n-k}{n^2(2n-2k)} \lambda_k(1+m,n). \]