Integrable Hamiltonian systems with positive topological entropy (Q1046486)

Given an \(n\)-dimensional smooth manifold, \(M_n\), the cotangent bundle \(T^{*}M_n\) has a symplectic structure which defines a Hamiltonian vector field \(X_H\) with this structure. The Hamiltonian vector field \(X_H\) of \(k\)-degree of freedom is Liouvillian integrable if there exist \(k\) functionally independent smooth first integrals \(F_1=H, F_2, \ldots, F_k\) in involution. For a manifold endowed with a smooth or analytic Riemannian metric \((g_{ij}(x))\), the Hamiltonian can be taken \( H = g^{ij} p_i p_j/2\) where \((g^{ij})\) is the inverse matrix of \((g_{ij})\). In analytical mechanics, a natural Hamiltonian system is usually defined by a triple \((M_n,g,V)\) where \(V: M_n \to \mathbb{R}\) is the potential energy and with Hamiltonian \(H = g^{ij} p_i p_j/2 + V\). In the article [\textit{C. Chen}, \textit{F. Liu} and \textit{X. Zhang}, Sci. China, Ser. A 50, No. 12, 1735--1747 (2007; Zbl 1136.37031)] the authors characterize the orthogonal separable Hamiltonian systems on the Riemannian manifold \(T^2\) with a given metric and prove that the Hamiltonian flow restricted to any regular compact level surface has zero topological entropy. The main theorem of the present paper contains three different results, one related to each other. First the authors characterize \(C^{\infty}\) smoothly orthogonally separable Hamiltonian systems with a potential energy on \(T^2 \times [0,1]\). Taking these systems into account, the authors restrict to the ones which are defined on the manifold \(M_A \, := \, T^2 \times [0,1]/ \sim\). Given \(X= (x,y) \in T^2\) and the Anosov automorphism in \(T^2\) induced by the matrix \[ A \, = \, \left( \begin{matrix} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right), \] the equivalent relation \(\sim\) on \(T^2 \times [0,1]\) is defined by \((X,0) \sim (XA,1)\). As a second issue, the authors prove the existence of a subset of values of the energy such that the Hamiltonian flow restricted to each energy surface corresponding to this subset has positive topological entropy. Finally, the authors show that when the previous systems defined on \(M_A\) are analytic, the corresponding Hamiltonian flow is not Liouvillian integrable by real analytic first integrals.