A-graded methods for monomial ideals (Q1048221)

Let \(D = {\mathbb C}\langle x, \partial \;|\: [\partial_i, x_j] = \delta_{i,j}, [x_i, x_j] = 0 = [\partial_i, \partial_j] \rangle\) be the Weyl algebra of linear partial differential operators with polynomial coefficients, where \(x=x_1,\ldots, x_n\) and \(\partial = \partial_1, \ldots, \partial_n\) with \(\partial_i := \partial/\partial{x_i}\). We consider two commutative polynomial subrings of \(D\), namely \({\mathbb C}[\partial]\) and \({\mathbb C}[\theta] = {\mathbb C}[\theta_1, \ldots, \theta_n]\) where \(\theta_i = x_i\partial_i\). For a left \(D\)-ideal \(I \subset {\mathbb C}[\partial]\), we define the ideal \(\tilde{I} \subset {\mathbb C}[\theta]\) called the distraction of \(I\) as follows: \[ \tilde{I} = ({\mathbb C}(x)\otimes_{{\mathbb C}[x]} D\cdot J)\cap {\mathbb C}[\theta] \subseteq {\mathbb C}[\theta]. \] In this paper, the authors consider the case where \(I \subset {\mathbb C}[\partial]\) is a monomial ideal. Both \(I\) and \(\tilde{I}\) can be regarded as systems of partial differential equations and they have the same holomorphic solutions. While this solution space is usually infinite dimensional, we can capture finite dimensional subspaces by introducing \(A\)-grading by a matrix \(A\in {\mathbb Z}^{d\times n}\) with \(d = \dim {\mathbb C}[\partial]/I\). Namely, let \(a_1,\ldots, a_n\in{\mathbb Z}^d\) be the columns vectors of \(A\), then we set \(\text{tdeg}(x_i) = -a_i\) and \(\text{tdeg}(\partial_i) = a_i\). The first result of this paper is a relation of the local cohomology of \({\mathbb C}[\partial]/I\) at the maximal ideal \({\mathfrak m}=(\partial_1,\ldots, \partial_n)\) and the Koszul homology of \({\mathbb C}[\theta]/\tilde{I}\) with regard to Euler operators (Theorem~2.13). Using this result, the authors give a new topological characterization of Cohen-Macaulayness of the monomial ideal \(I\subset {\mathbb C}[\partial]\) in terms of the exponent complex of \(\tilde{I}\), which is analogue of Reisner's well-known criterion for Cohen-Macaulayness of Stanley-Reisner ideals (Theorem~3.12). Finally, combinatorial formulas for the dimension of the \(A\)-homogeneous holomorphic solutions of \(I\) of a fixed degree are given, which measures the deviation of the ideal \(I\subset {\mathbb C}[\partial]\) from being Cohen-Macaulay (Proposition~4.1 and Theorem~4.15).