Carnapian extensions of S5 (Q1066883)

The authors remark that Carnap's theory of modalities is distinct from Kripke's, even in the case where both authors find eventually S5. By using ''state-descriptions'', (i.e. sets of formulas which contain for each propositional variable either it or its negation) that do not correspond always to possible worlds, the authors give a system of propositional modal logic, \(S5^{\Delta}\) corresponding to each set \(\Delta\) of state- descriptions. These systems are extensions of S5, but they may be non- normal (in that case, the rule of substitution is not admissible in them), they even may be non-axiomatizable. As particular cases we find the normal extensions of S5, known by the classical paper of \textit{S. J. Scroggs} [J. Symb. Logic 16, 112-120 (1951; Zbl 0043.008)].