A density statement generalizing Schur's theorem (Q1085206)

The aim of the paper is to prove a density result strengthening a certain version of the classical Schur theorem in Ramsey theory. Denote by \(\bar d(A)\) the upper asymptotic density of the set \(A\subset \mathbb N\), i.e. \[ \bar d(A)=\limsup_{n\to \infty}\frac{| A\cap \{1,2,\ldots,n\}|}{n}. \] Then Schur's theorem is equivalent to the following assertion: If (*) \(\mathbb N=\cup^{m}_{k=1}C_k\) is a partition of \(\mathbb N\), then there exists \(i\), \(1\le i\le m\), and \(n\in C_i\) such that \(C_i\cap (C_i-n)\ne \emptyset\). In connection with this assertion the author proves that in the case of the partition (*) there exists \(i\), \(1\le i\le m\), such that \(\bar d(C_i)>0\), and for each \(\varepsilon >0\) we have \(\bar d(H(\varepsilon))>0\), where \[ H(\varepsilon)= \{n\in C_i: \bar d(C_ i\cap (C_i-n))\ge \bar d(C_i)^2-\varepsilon\}. \] The proof is based on the Furstenberg's method of application of ergodic theory [cf. \textit{H. Furstenberg}, J. Anal. Math. 31, 204--256 (1977; Zbl 0347.28016)].