Arithmetic of formal groups and applications. I: Universal norm subgroups (Q1086314)

Let \(K/{\mathbb{Q}}_ p\) be a finite extension with ring of integers R and residue class field \(\kappa\) and \(K_{\infty}/K\) be a ramified \({\mathbb{Z}}_ p\)-extension with ring of integers \(R_{\infty}\) and \(\Gamma:=Gal(K_{\infty}/K)\). Further, denote by \(K_ n/K\) the intermediate field of degree \(p^ n\) in \(K_{\infty}/K\), by \(R_ n\) the ring of integers of \(K_ n\) and by \(G_ n\) the Galois group of \(K_ n/K\), \(Gal(K_ n/K)\). Let \({\mathcal G}/R\) denote a smooth connected commutative formal R-group of finite dimension d. The main subject matter of this paper is the determination of the norm subgroup \(N{\mathcal G}(R):=\cap_{n\geq 0}Norm_{K_ n/K}{\mathcal G}(R_ n)\subseteq {\mathcal G}(R).\) First it is proved that any commutative formal Lie group \({\mathcal G}\) over R has a maximal closed subgroup, \({\mathcal G}^{mult}\), such that (a) \({\mathcal G}^{mult}\) is a commutative formal Lie group of multiplicative type, i.e., \({\mathcal G}_ k^{mult}\cong ({\hat {\mathbb{G}}}_{m/{\bar \kappa}})^ d\) (\({\bar \kappa}=\) the algebraic closure of \(\kappa)\), and (b) \({\mathcal G}/{\mathcal G}^{mult}\) exists, and is coconnected, i.e., its Cartier dual is connected. This is proved using the theory of Cartier duality. For any commutative formal Lie group \({\mathcal G}\) over R, let \({\mathcal G}^ D\) denote its Cartier dual, (\({\mathcal G}^ D)^ 0\) the ''connected component'' of (\({\mathcal G}^ D)\), and put \({}^ 0{\mathcal G}:=(({\mathcal G}^ D)^ 0)^ D\). Then it is shown that for any pro- finite R-algebra S, the sequence \(0\to {\mathcal G}^{mult}(S)\to {\mathcal G}(S)\to^ 0{\mathcal G}(S)\to 0\) is exact. The main result computes the rank of \(N{\mathcal G}(R)\). - Theorem: (i) \(\text{rank}_{{\mathbb{Z}}_ p} {\mathcal G}(R)/N{\mathcal G}(R)= \dim^ 0{\mathcal G}\cdot [K: {\mathbb{Q}}_ p]+ \text{rank}_{{\mathbb{Z}}_ p}({\mathcal G}^{mult})^ D(\kappa).\) (ii) If \({\mathcal G}^{mult}=0\), then \(N{\mathcal G}(R)=0.\) This theorem has several important applications, the main of which are listed in the following: Application 1. Let \(A_{/K}\) be an abelian variety with good reduction. Then \(\text{rank}_{{\mathbb{Z}}_ p} A(K)/NA(K)=(\dim A-r)\cdot [K: {\mathbb{Q}}_ p]\) where r= the p-rank of the reduction of A. Application 2. Let \({\mathfrak G}_{/R}\) be an arbitrary p-divisible group over R, and let \(H^ 2_.(R_{\infty},{\mathfrak G})\) be the relative flat cohomology group, which is a discrete \({\mathbb{Z}}_ p[[ \Gamma ]]\)-module. Then \((a)\quad H^ 2_.(R_{\infty},{\mathfrak G})=H_.^ 2(R_{\infty},{\mathfrak G}^{et})\) where \({\mathfrak G}^{et}:={\mathfrak G}/{\mathfrak G}^ 0\), and \((b)\) the Pontryagin dual \(H_.^ 2(R_{\infty},{\mathfrak G})^*\) is a finitely generated \({\mathbb{Z}}_ p[[ \Gamma ]]\)-module of rank equal to (height of \({\mathfrak G}^{et})\cdot [K: {\mathbb{Q}}_ p].\)- In particular, for any connected finite flat commutative R-group scheme G, \(H_.^ i(R_{\infty},G)=0\) for \(i\geq 0.\) These local results are then used to obtain some global information on abelian varieties over a number field. Let k/\({\mathbb{Q}}\) be a number field with ring of integers \({\mathfrak o}\). For an odd prime p, \(k_{\infty}/k\) denotes a \({\mathbb{Z}}_ p\)-extension with ring of integers \({\mathfrak o}_{\infty}\), and \(\Gamma:=Gal(k_{\infty}/k)\), and \(\Sigma\) denotes the finite set of primes of k which are ramified in \(k_{\infty}/k\). Let \(A_{/k}\) be an abelian variety defined over k, which is assumed to have good reduction at all primes of k over p. Let \({\mathcal A}_{/{\mathfrak o}}\) be the Néron model of \(A_{/k}\) and \({\mathcal A}(p)\) be the p-primary torsion in \({\mathcal A}.\) The global flat cohomology groups \(H^ i({\mathfrak o}_{\infty},{\mathcal A}(p))\) \((i=1,2)\) are known to have finite \({\mathbb{Z}}_ p[[ \Gamma ]]\)-corank, that is, \(\rho = \text{rank}_{{\mathbb{Z}}_ p[[ \Gamma ]]} H^ 1({\mathfrak o}_{\infty},{\mathcal A}(p))^*<\infty\), \(\rho'=\text{rank}_{{\mathbb{Z}}_ p[[ \Gamma ]]} H^ 2({\mathfrak o}_{\infty},{\mathcal A}(p))^*< \infty\), where \(H^ i({\mathfrak o}_{\infty},{\mathcal A}(p))^*\) denotes the Pontryagin dual of \(H^ i({\mathfrak o}_{\infty},{\mathcal A}(p))\) for \(i=1,2\). The computation of \(\rho\) is discussed; indeed, the results of the author's earlier paper [Invent. Math. 79, 329-374 (1985; Zbl 0571.14021)] are reproved removing the additional assumptions imposed in the earlier paper. Application 3. For \({\mathfrak p}\in \Sigma\), let \(k_{{\mathfrak p}}\) be the completion of k at \({\mathfrak p}\), and put \(r_{{\mathfrak p}}:=\) p-rank of the reduction of A at \({\mathfrak p}.\) Then the following assertions hold true. \((a)\quad \rho =\rho'+ \sum_{{\mathfrak p}\in \Sigma}(\dim A-r_{{\mathfrak p}})\cdot [k_{{\mathfrak p}}: {\mathbb{Q}}_ p].\)\ (b) If \(A(k)\) and the p- component of the Tate-Shafarevich group of \(A_{/k}\) are finite, then \(\rho '=0\) and \(\rho =\sum_{{\mathfrak p}\in \Sigma}(\dim A-r_{{\mathfrak p}})\cdot [k_{{\mathfrak p}}: {\mathbb{Q}}_ p].\) Application 4. Let \({\mathfrak o}'_{\infty}\) be the ring of p-integers in the cyclotomic \({\mathbb{Z}}_ p\)-extension of k. If \(r_{{\mathfrak p}}=0\) for \({\mathfrak p} | p\) and if \(cd_ p({\mathfrak o}'_{\infty})_{et}\leq 1\), then \(H^ 1({\mathfrak o}_{\infty},{\mathcal A}(p))^*\) is \({\mathbb{Z}}_ p\)- torsion free and \(\rho =\dim A\cdot [k: {\mathbb{Q}}]\). (Here \(cd_ p({\mathfrak o}'_{\infty})_{et}\leq 1\) is conjectured to be true for \({\mathfrak o}'_{\infty}.)\) Finally, the proof of the theorem is given. The essential part of the proof is reduced to a problem about connected groups G over the residue field \(\kappa\), and then the problem is solved using the infinite dimensional formal Lie group of Witt covectors, and the theory of Dieudonné modules.