On the left exactness of orthogonal reflections (Q1095243)

If \({\mathfrak C}\) is a category with finite limits, a localization of \({\mathfrak C}\) is a full reflecitve subcategory such that the reflector is left exact. The theory of localizations and their correspondence with universal closure operations is well understood for toposes and abelian categories. The paper under review presents some general results about localizations, which include the above cases as well as some theorems about the category of models of a finitary algebraic theory, which appeared in the book by \textit{F. Borceux} and \textit{G. van den Bossche} [Algebra in a localic topos with applications to ring theory (Lect. Notes Math. 1038) (1983; Zbl 0522.18001)]. Let \({\mathfrak C}\) denote a regular locally presentable category. Recall that an object \(C\in {\mathfrak C}\) is orthogonal to a morphism \(A\to^{f}B\) in \({\mathfrak C}\) iff \({\mathfrak C}(B,C)\to^{\circ f}{\mathfrak C}(A,C)\) is bijective. Given a universal closure operation on \({\mathfrak C}\), a morphism is called bidense iff its image is dense (with respect to the closure operation) and so is the equalizer of its kernel pair. We can associate to the closure operation a reflective subcategory by considering the objects orthogonal to the class of bidense morphisms. The main theorems presented here address the question of when this reflection is in fact a localization. One sufficient condition on \({\mathfrak C}\) is that a coproduct of monomorphisms again be a monomorphism. In this case, the orthogonal reflection described above is left exact and there is a bijective correspondence between localizations of \({\mathfrak C}\) and universal closure operations on \({\mathfrak C}\). If Ṯ is a finitary algebraic theory, then an analogous result holds for Mod(Ṯ), the category of models of Ṯ, iff the functor \(F(1)\oplus_-: Mod(\underline T)\to Mod(\underline T)\) preserves monomorphisms, there F(1) is the free model on one generator. Some examples are presented to show that not every Ṯ satisfies this condition.