Internal functors for systems of linear transformations (Q1111665)

The category Sys(E) of right modules over a ring T(E) of upper triangular \(2\times 2\)-matrices is studied where the diagonal entries of the matrices are in a commutative ring A and the entry off the diagonal is in an A-module E. The modules are identified with direct sums of two A- modules and an operation of E sending one of the summands to the other. If \(A=K\) a field and \(E=K^ n\) one obtains a category associated with N- tuples of linear transformations. For \(N=2\) these modules are known as Kronecker modules. An inner tensor product and an inner hom functor are constructed such that Sys(E) becomes a symmetric monoidal closed category. Their derived functors are studied in detail leading to an interesting duality result \[ ext^ n(X,\hom (V,U))\cong \hom (tor_ n(X,V),U) \] and to results about homological dimensions. In the special case of \(Sys(K^ n)\) certain invariant Hilbert polynomials are associated with modules in \(Sys(K^ n)\). Furthermore the decomposition into indecomposable modules is described, which has as a special case Kronecker's theorem on canonical pencils of matrices.