Internal functors for systems of linear transformations

derived functors direct sums homological dimensions indecomposable modules inner hom functor inner tensor product Kronecker modules linear transformations pencils of matrices symmetric monoidal closed category upper triangular 2\(\times 2\)-matrices

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Algebraic systems of matrices (15A30) Category-theoretic methods and results in associative algebras (except as in 16D90) (16B50) Homological methods in associative algebras (16Exx) Endomorphism rings; matrix rings (16S50) Closed categories (closed monoidal and Cartesian closed categories, etc.) (18D15)

Review text

The category Sys(E) of right modules over a ring T(E) of upper triangular \(2\times 2\)-matrices is studied where the diagonal entries of the matrices are in a commutative ring A and the entry off the diagonal is in an A-module E. The modules are identified with direct sums of two A- modules and an operation of E sending one of the summands to the other. If \(A=K\) a field and \(E=K^ n\) one obtains a category associated with N- tuples of linear transformations. For \(N=2\) these modules are known as Kronecker modules. An inner tensor product and an inner hom functor are constructed such that Sys(E) becomes a symmetric monoidal closed category. Their derived functors are studied in detail leading to an interesting duality result \[ ext^ n(X,\hom (V,U))\cong \hom (tor_ n(X,V),U) \] and to results about homological dimensions. In the special case of \(Sys(K^ n)\) certain invariant Hilbert polynomials are associated with modules in \(Sys(K^ n)\). Furthermore the decomposition into indecomposable modules is described, which has as a special case Kronecker's theorem on canonical pencils of matrices.

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