Normal surface singularities of F-pure type (Q1178922)

The author uses the results of his joint paper with \textit{V. B. Mehta} in J. Algebra 143, No. 1, 130-143 (1991; see the preceding review) on \(F\)- purity of normal surface singularities \((X,x)\) in characteristic \(p\) to give a characterization of normal surface singularities in characteristic 0 of \(F\)-pure type, that is, its reduction modulo \(p\) is \(F\)-pure (the Frobenius map of the local ring is pure) for almost all primes \(p\). --- The characterization is as follows: Let \((X,x)\) be a normal surface singularity over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, \(f:Y\to X\) the minimal resolution and \(E=\bigcup E_ i\) the reduced exceptional divisor with \(E_ i\) irreducible. Let \(\rho:(R^ 1f_ *{\mathcal O}_ Y)_ x\to H^ 1(E,{\mathcal O}_ E)\) denote the natural restriction map. Then \((X,x)\) has \(F\)-pure type if and only if \(E\) has normal crossings, \(\rho\) is an isomorphism and one of the following holds: (i) \(E\) is an irreducible, smooth elliptic curve defined over a number field, which does not have complex multiplication and has ordinary reduction at all but a finite number of primes. (ii) \(E\) is an irreducible rational curve with exactly one singular point (necessarily a node). (iii) \(E_ i\cong\mathbb{P}^ 1\) for all \(i\), and the dual graph of \(E\) is an \(n\)-gon. (iv) \((X,x)\) is a quotient singularity. (v) There is an inclusion \({\mathcal O}_{X,x}\to{\mathcal O}_{W,w}\) of local rings, such that \({\mathcal O}_{W,w}\) is a finite \({\mathcal O}_{X,x}\)- module, \(W\to X\) is an étale, cyclic Galois cover on punctured neighbourhoods and \((W,w)\) is of type (i). (vi) There is a normal surface singularity \((W,w)\) of type (iii) with an even number of components in the exceptional divisor and an involution \(\sigma\) of \((W,w)\) which has no fixed points on a punctured neighbourhood such that \({\mathcal O}_{X,x}\) is the ring of invariants for \(\sigma\). Actually, if a conjecture of Lang and Trotter would hold, the possibilities (i) and (v) would not occur.