On imbedding 3-manifolds into 4-manifolds (Q1191273)

We discuss an imbedding problem of a closed, connected, oriented 3- manifold into a given compact connected 4-manifold, which arises from certain signature invariants of the 3-manifold associated with its cyclic coverings. Our main result is the following: Theorem. For any compact, connected (orientable or non-orientable) 4- manifold \(W\) (with or without boundary), there exist infinitely many closed, connected, orientable 3-manifolds \(M\) which cannot be imbedded in \(W\). For a closed orientable 4-manifold \(W\), this is a direct consequence of a result of \textit{A. Kawauchi} [ibid. 25, No. 1, 171-183 (1988; Zbl 0659.57012), Theorem 3.2] and, for an orientable 4-manifold \(W\) with boundary, we can prove it by using the doubling technique for \(W\). Thus the main concern in this paper is for a non-orientable 4-manifold \(W\).