Chebyshev splines and Kolmogorov inequalities (Q1267012)

The general setting of the Kolmogorov-Landau problem is as follows: Let \(I\) be \({\mathbb R}\) or \({\mathbb R}_+\) and \(p,s,q\in[1,\infty)\); \(r,m\in {\mathbb N}\) with \(m<r\). Further let \(f\in W_{p,s}^r(I)\), i.e., \(f^{(r-1)}\) is absolutely continuous on any interval of \(I\) and \(\| f\| _{L_p(I)}\) as well as \(\| f^{(r)}\| _{L_s(I)}\) are finite. Now, how to find the constants \(\alpha\), \(\beta\), \(K\) in the inequality \[ \| f^{(m)}\| _{L_q(I)}\leq K\| f\| _{L_p(I)}^\alpha \| f^{(r)}\| _{L_s(I)}^\beta \] and how to construct extremal functions, such that the inequality is sharp? An exceptional role in many of such extremal problems is played by polynomial perfect splines and their analogs. A goal of the book is the introduction and characterization of perfect \(\omega\)-splines and their application to the problem of sharp inequalities for intermediate derivatives in the Hölder classes \(W^r H^\alpha(I)\). Chapters 1 and 2 introduce some basic technical facts embedded in the foundation of the theory of extremal problems in \(W^r H^\omega\). In particular, the extremal functions and the numerical value of the maximum in the problem \[ \int\limits_a^b h (t)\psi (t) dt \rightarrow \sup, \qquad h\in H^\omega[a,b]; h(a)=0 \] are considered, where \(\psi\) is a derivative of simple kernel \(\Psi\) (Korneichuk lemma). In Chapter 3, basic properties of generating Fredholm kernels are described. Chapter 4 reviews the classical Chebyshev perfect splines in \(W_\infty ^{r+1}[0,1]\). A major result of the book, a characterization of the family of Chebyshev \(\omega\)-splines of the Kolmogorov-Landau problem on the finite interval, is presented in Chapter 6. A detailed analysis of these Chebyshev \(\omega\)-splines is offered being the basis for construction of extremal functions in the Kolmogorov-Landau problem (Chapters 7,8). Using extremal functions of the problem \[ \int\limits_{a_1}^{a_2}h(t) \psi (t) dt\rightarrow \sup , \qquad h\in H_0^\omega[a_1,a_2], \] with a kernel \(\psi\) having a finite number of sign changes in \([a_1,a_2]\), extremal functions for Kolmogorov inequalities in \(W^r H^\alpha ({\mathbb R})\) (Chapter 10), for Landau and Hadamard inequalities in \(W^r H^\omega(I)\) (Chapter 11) and for Kolmogorov-Landau inequalities in \(W^2 H^\omega(I)\) (Chapter 12) are characterized. Finally, Chapters 13-16 are concerned with the problem of \(n\)-widths for different function classes and a description of Chebyshev \(\omega\)-polynomials which are a generalization of the well-known Chebyshev polynomials.