Trianalytic subvarieties of the Hilbert scheme of points on a \(K3\) surface (Q1270036)

A Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) is hyperkähler if it is endowed with three complex structures \(I,J,K\) which are, as endomorphisms of the real tangent bundle, related by the equation \(I\circ J=-J\circ I=K\). Moreover \(g\) has to be a Kähler metric with respect to \(I,J\) and \(K\). The quaternion algebra and the group \(SU(2)\) of unitarian quaternions act in a canonical way on the real tangent bundle of a hyperkähler manifold \(M\), in particular every quaternion \(L\) with \(L^2=-1\) induces an (integrable) almost complex structure \(L\) on \(M\), and the complex manifold \((M,L)\) is said to admit a hyperkähler structure. It follows from results of Yau that a complex manifold has a hyperkähler structure if and only if it is holomorphically symplectic. The only compact complex surface \(S\) with a hyperkähler structure are compact tori and \(K3\) surfaces. The Hilbert schemes \(S^{[n]}\) which classify the zero-dimensional subschemes of length \(n\) of these surfaces are smooth and also have a hyperkähler structure [see \textit{A. Beauville}, J. Differ. Geom. 18, 755-782 (1983; Zbl 0537.53056). A closed subset \(N\) of a compact hyperkähler manifold \(M\) is called trianalytic if \(N\) is a complex analytic subset for any induced complex structure on \(M\). The main result of the paper states that for a generic \(K3\) surface \(S\) the Hilbert scheme \(S^{[n]}\) has no proper trianalytic subvarieties. As an application of this result a generic complex deformation of \(S^{[n]}\) has no proper closed complex subvarieties. The paper gives an account of basic definitions and facts related to hyperkähler manifolds and trianalytic subvarieties. It also presents a series of results about the structure of the Hilbert scheme.