Derived varieties of semigroups and groupoids (Q1272134)

For a given algebra \(A = \langle A,f_i\rangle \) and any hypersubstitution \(\sigma \), both of type \(\tau \), denote by \(d_{\sigma } (A) = \langle A,\sigma (f_i)\rangle \) the \(\sigma \)-derived algebra of \(A\). The \(\sigma \)-derived variety of \(V\) is the variety \(d_{\sigma }(V)\) generated by all \(\sigma \)-derived algebras of \(V\). If \(A\) and \(B\) are each derived algebras of the other, we call them mutually derived. If for a hypersubstitution \(\sigma \) the algebras \(A\) and \(d_{\sigma }(A)\) are mutually derived for every \(A\in V\), the derived variety \(d_{\sigma } (V)\) will be called mutually derived variety of \(V\). Next, \(V\) is called mutually solid if every mutually derived variety of \(V\) is contained in \(V\), and semisolid if every mutually derived variety of any subvariety of \(V\) is contained in \(V\). These new concepts are weaker versions of solidity of a given variety \(V\). In the paper under review the authors deal with relationships between these concepts using a number of nice and significant examples. Especially, they concentrate on the mutually solid and semisolid varieties of bands using the so-called derivation diagrams. Among others they show that every groupoid mutually derived from an abelian group is a medial and non-idempotent quasigroup. Also they prove that derived algebras of abelian or solvable algebras are abelian or solvable too.