The Hamburger moment problem and weighted polynomial approximation on discrete subsets of the real line (Q1283061)

In the study of the Hamburger moment problem the Hamburger class \({\mathfrak H}\) arises. A function \(B\in{\mathfrak H}\) if \(B\) is a real entire function of zero exponential type with only real (simple) zeros and \(\lim B(\lambda)/\lambda^n=\infty\), \(\lambda\to \infty\), \(\lambda\in\Lambda_B\) where \(\Lambda_B\) is the zero set of \(B\). The authors consider the weighted Banach spaces \(l^p(w,\Lambda_B)\), \(p\in[1,\infty]\) with a strictly positive weight \(w\) such that \(\lim\lambda^nw(\lambda)=0\), \(\lambda\to\infty\), \(\lambda\in\Lambda_B\), \(n\geq 0\). The norm of a function \(a\) in the space \(l^p(w,\Lambda_B)\) is defined as follows \[ \|a\|=\left(\sum\limits_{\lambda\in\Lambda_B}(w(\lambda)|a(\lambda)|)^p\right)^{1/p} . \] Let \(l^p_*=l^p\) for \(p\in[1,\infty)\) and \(l^\infty_*\) be the subspace of \(l^\infty\) having functions \(a\) such that \(\lim w(\lambda)a( \lambda)=0\). The main result of the authors is the following. The polynomials are dense in \(l^p_*(w,\Lambda_B)\) if and only if \[ \sum\limits{\lambda\in\Lambda_F}\left(\frac 1{w(\lambda)|F'(\lambda)|}\right)^q=\infty,\quad p\in(1,\infty],\quad\frac 1p+\frac 1q=1 , \] \[ \liminf w(\lambda)|F'(\lambda)|=0,\quad\lambda\to\infty,\;\lambda\in\Lambda_F,\;p=1 \] for arbitrary \(F\in\mathfrak H\) such that \(\Lambda_F\subset\Lambda_B\). This theorem for \(p=\infty\) is just a special case of the well-known theorem of \textit{L. de Branges} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 10, 825-832 (1959; Zbl 0092.06905)]. The extension of the de Branges theorem to the general spaces \(L^p(w,d\mu)\) is the open question. Using their investigations the authors give a correct variant of the theorem of \textit{H. L. Hamburger} [Am. J. Math. 66, 489-522 (1944; Zbl 0061.25808)]. \textit{C. Berg} and \textit{H. Pedersen} found the gap in the proof of Hamburger [cf. Lect. Notes Math. 1574, 89-91 (1994)]. \textit{P. Koosis} constructed a counterexample to the Hamburger statement [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I 311, No. 9, 503-506 (1990; Zbl 0717.41010)].