A relation between standard conjectures and their arithmetic analogues (Q1288519)

The main result of this interesting paper can be regarded as a generalization of methods by \textit{G. Faltings} [Ann. Math., II. Ser. 119, 387-424 (1984; Zbl 0559.14005)] and \textit{P. Hriljac} [Am. J. Math. 107, 23-38 (1985; Zbl 0593.14004)] to higher dimensional arithmetic varieties. In the case of a smooth projective variety \( Y \) over an algebraically closed field \textit{A. Grothendieck} [in: Algebraic Geometry, Int. Colloq., Tata Inst., Bombay 1968, 193-199 (1969; Zbl 0201.23301)] conjectured that the vector space \(A^p(Y)\) over \({\mathbb{R}}\) consisting of algebraic cycles of codimension \(p\) modulo homological equivalence behaves like complex cohomology. Let \(X\) be an arithmetic variety. \textit{H. Gillet} and \textit{C. Soulé} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 72, 93-174 (1990; Zbl 0741.14012)] defined the arithmetic Chow group \(\widehat{\text{CH}}^p(\overline X)\) and proposed [in: Motives, Proc. Summer Res. Conf., Univ. Washington 1991, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 55, Part 1, 129-140 (1994; Zbl 0820.14007)] arithmetic analogues of the standard conjectures. Let \(F_\infty\) be the complex conjugation on the complex manifold \(X({\mathbb{C}})\) associated with the scheme \(X\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}}{\mathbb{C}}\). For a \(F_\infty\)-invariant Kähler metric \(h\) on \( X({\mathbb{C}})\) the pair \(\overline X=(X,h)\) is called an Arakelov variety. By identifying an element of \(H^{p,p}(X)\) with a harmonic \((p,p)\)-form with respect to \(h\), the author regards \(H^{p,p}(X)\) as a subspace of real closed \((p,p)\)-forms \(\omega\) on \(X({\mathbb{C}})\) with \(F_\infty^*{\omega}=(-1)^p\omega\). The group \(\text{CH}^p(\overline X)=\omega^{-1}(H^{p,p}(X))\) is called the Arakelov Chow group. The theorem that analogues of standard conjectures for CH\(^{p}({\overline X})_{\mathbb{R}} \) imply ones for \(\widehat{\text{CH}}^{p}({\overline X})_{\mathbb{R}}\) is proved by \textit{K. Künnemann} [Compos. Math. 99, No.~2, 109-128 (1995; Zbl 0845.14006)]. Let \(K\) be an algebraic number field. From now on every arithmetic variety \( X \) is assumed to be irreducible. Let \( X_{K} \) be the (geometrically irreducible) generic fiber. Let \(\text{cl}:\text{CH}^p(X)_{\mathbb{R}} \rightarrow H^{p,p}(X) \) be the cycle class map. The author defines \(\text{CH}^{p}(X)^{0}=\text{Ker}(\text{CH}^{p}(X)@>cl>> A^p(X_{K}))\). The main theorem of the paper under review asserts the following: Let \(X\) be an arithmetic variety defined over the ring of integers of \( K \). Suppose that the generic fiber \( X_{K} \) is geometrically irreducible. Let \( H \) be an ample line bundle on \( X \). Given a positive \( F_{\infty}\)-invariant hermitian metric \(\|\;\|\) on \( H_{\mathbb{C}}\), we define a metric \(\|\;\|_{\sigma}\) by \(\|\;\|_{\sigma} = \exp (\sigma) \|\;\|\) for \( \sigma \in {\mathbb{R}}. \) (i) Let the pairing \(\langle\;,\;\rangle: A^{p-1}(X_{K}) \times A^{n + 1 - p}(X_{K}) \to {\mathbb{R}} \) be nondegenerate. Then the pairing \( \langle\;,\;\rangle: \text{CH}^{p}({\overline X})_{\mathbb{R}} \times \text{CH}^{n + 1 - p}({\overline X})_{\mathbb{R}} \to {\mathbb{R}} \) is nondegenerate if and only if the pairings \[ \langle\;,\;\rangle: A^{p}(X_{K}) \times A^{n - p}(X_{K}) \to {\mathbb{R}}\quad \text{and}\quad \langle\;,\;\rangle: \text{CH}^{p}({\overline X})_{\mathbb{R}}^{0} \times \text{CH}^{n + 1 - p}({\overline X})_{\mathbb{R}}^{0} \to {\mathbb{R}} \] are nondegenerate. (ii) Let the conclusion of (i) hold for \( p \). Then the hard Lefschetz theorem for \( \text{CH}^{p}({\overline X})_{\mathbb{R}} \) with \( (H, \|\;\|_{\sigma})\) for almost all \(\sigma \) is equivalent to the hard Lefschetz theorem for \( \text{CH}^{p}({\overline X})_{\mathbb{R}}^{0} \) with \( c_{1}(H).\) (iii) The Hodge index theorem for \( \text{CH}^{p}({\overline X})_{\mathbb{R}} \) with \(\widehat{c}_{1}(H,\|\;\|_{\sigma}) \) for \( 0 \ll -\sigma \) is equivalent to the Hodge index theorem for \( \text{CH}^{p}({\overline X})_{\mathbb{R}}^{0} \) with \( c_{1}(H).\) The proof is by reduction to a proof of analogues of the standard conjectures for the Arakelov Chow group. At the end of the paper the author following \textit{A. A. Beilinson} [in: \(K\)-Theory, Arithmetic and Geometry, Semin., Moscow Univ. 1984-1986, Lect. Notes Math. 1289, 1-26 (1987; Zbl 0651.14002)] and \textit{K. Künnemann} [Am. J. Math. 118, No.~4, 781-797 (1996; Zbl 0876.14006)] introduces the height pairing of \( X_{K} \) and discusses its properties.