Differential Hopf algebras on quantum groups of type A (Q1291076)

Given a complex quantum group \(\mathcal A\) and a first order bicovariant differential calculus, there are three ways of constructing a differential Hopf algebra \(\Gamma^\wedge\) which contains \(\Gamma\) as its first order part. In each case \(\Gamma^\wedge\) is a quotient of the tensor algebra \(\Gamma^\otimes\) by an appropriate Hopf ideal. The largest of these, denoted by \(_u\Gamma^\wedge\), has the following universal property: any differential Hopf algebra \(\Gamma^\wedge\) containing \(\Gamma\) as its first order part is a quotient of \(_u\Gamma^\wedge\). Therefore \(_u\Gamma^\wedge\) is known as a universal exterior algebra. The remaining two exterior Hopf algebras \(_s\Gamma^\wedge\) and \(_W\Gamma^\wedge\) are called the second antisymmetriser exterior algebra and the Woronowicz exterior algebra, respectively, are defined using the braiding associated with a bicovariant differential calculus, introduced by \textit{S. L. Woronowicz} [Commun. Math. Phys. 122, No. 1, 125-170 (1989; Zbl 0751.58042)]. In the present paper the author studies exterior Hopf algebras of the \(N^2\)-dimensional bicovariant differential calculi on the Hopf algebras \({\mathcal O}(\text{GL}_q(N))\) and \({\mathcal O}(\text{SL}_q(N))\) constructed by \textit{K. Schmüdgen} and \textit{A. Schüler} [Commun. Math. Phys. 170, No. 2, 315-335 (1995; Zbl 0846.17017)]. Such differential calculi are parametrised by a non-zero complex number \(z\) and a sign \(\tau=\pm\), and denoted by \(\Gamma_{\tau,z}\). The standing assumptions are that \(q\) is a transcendental complex number and \(N\geq 2\). The results of the paper are contained in three theorems. The first theorem states that the dimension of the spaces of left-invariant \(k\)-forms in \(_W\Gamma^\wedge\) equals \((N^2)!/((N^2-k)!k!)\). Thus, in particular, there is a unique up to scalars left-invariant form of maximal degree \(N^2\). The second theorem states that the subalgebra of bi-invariant forms in \(_W\Gamma^\wedge\) is graded commutative, and the dimension of the subspace of bi-invariant \(k\)-forms is equal to the number of partitions of \(k\) into a sum of pairwise different positive odd integers less than \(2N\). Bi-invariant forms are closed and represent de Rham cohomology classes. The third theorem states that \(_W\Gamma^\wedge\) is isomorphic to \(_s\Gamma^\wedge\) as a differential Hopf algebra. Furthermore, for \(N>2\), \(_u\Gamma^\wedge\) and \(_s\Gamma^\wedge\) are isomorphic differential Hopf algebras. The same isomorphism is true in the \(N=2\) case, provided \(\tau=+\) and \(z\neq\pm q^{-1},(q^2+1)/(q^4+1)\). However, if \(N=2\), \(\tau=+\) and \(z=\pm q^{-1}\) then \(_u\Gamma^\wedge\) is strictly larger than \(_s\Gamma^\wedge\).