Differential Hopf algebras on quantum groups of type A

DOI10.1006/JABR.1998.7726MaRDI QIDQ1291076zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 9 January 2000

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9805139

bicovariant differential calculi differential Hopf algebras left invariant forms quantum groups universal exterior algebras

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum groups (quantized enveloping algebras) and related deformations (17B37) Noncommutative differential geometry (46L87) Geometry of quantum groups (58B32) Quantum groups and related algebraic methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R50)

Abstract: Let A be a Hopf algebra and

G a m m a

be a bicovariant first order differential calculus over A. It is known that there are three possibilities to construct a differential Hopf algebra

G a m m a^{w} e d g e

that contains

G a m m a

as its first order part; namely the universal exterior algebra, the second antisymmetrizer exterior algebra, and Woronowicz' external algebra. Now let A be one of the quantum groups GL_q(N) or SL_q(N). Let

G a m m a

be one of the N^2-dimensional bicovariant first order differential calculi over A and let q be transcendental. For Woronowicz' external algebra we determine the dimension of the space of left-invariant and of bi-invariant k-forms. Bi-invariant forms are closed and represent different de Rham cohomology classes. The algebra of bi-invariant forms is graded anti-commutative. For N>2 the three differential Hopf algebras coincide. However, in case of the 4D_pm-calculi on SL_q(2) the universal differential Hopf algebra is strictly larger than Woronowicz' external algebra. The bi-invariant 1-form is not closed.

Review text

Given a complex quantum group \(\mathcal A\) and a first order bicovariant differential calculus, there are three ways of constructing a differential Hopf algebra \(\Gamma^\wedge\) which contains \(\Gamma\) as its first order part. In each case \(\Gamma^\wedge\) is a quotient of the tensor algebra \(\Gamma^\otimes\) by an appropriate Hopf ideal. The largest of these, denoted by \(_u\Gamma^\wedge\), has the following universal property: any differential Hopf algebra \(\Gamma^\wedge\) containing \(\Gamma\) as its first order part is a quotient of \(_u\Gamma^\wedge\). Therefore \(_u\Gamma^\wedge\) is known as a universal exterior algebra. The remaining two exterior Hopf algebras \(_s\Gamma^\wedge\) and \(_W\Gamma^\wedge\) are called the second antisymmetriser exterior algebra and the Woronowicz exterior algebra, respectively, are defined using the braiding associated with a bicovariant differential calculus, introduced by \textit{S. L. Woronowicz} [Commun. Math. Phys. 122, No. 1, 125-170 (1989; Zbl 0751.58042)]. In the present paper the author studies exterior Hopf algebras of the \(N^2\)-dimensional bicovariant differential calculi on the Hopf algebras \({\mathcal O}(\text{GL}_q(N))\) and \({\mathcal O}(\text{SL}_q(N))\) constructed by \textit{K. Schmüdgen} and \textit{A. Schüler} [Commun. Math. Phys. 170, No. 2, 315-335 (1995; Zbl 0846.17017)]. Such differential calculi are parametrised by a non-zero complex number \(z\) and a sign \(\tau=\pm\), and denoted by \(\Gamma_{\tau,z}\). The standing assumptions are that \(q\) is a transcendental complex number and \(N\geq 2\). The results of the paper are contained in three theorems. The first theorem states that the dimension of the spaces of left-invariant \(k\)-forms in \(_W\Gamma^\wedge\) equals \((N^2)!/((N^2-k)!k!)\). Thus, in particular, there is a unique up to scalars left-invariant form of maximal degree \(N^2\). The second theorem states that the subalgebra of bi-invariant forms in \(_W\Gamma^\wedge\) is graded commutative, and the dimension of the subspace of bi-invariant \(k\)-forms is equal to the number of partitions of \(k\) into a sum of pairwise different positive odd integers less than \(2N\). Bi-invariant forms are closed and represent de Rham cohomology classes. The third theorem states that \(_W\Gamma^\wedge\) is isomorphic to \(_s\Gamma^\wedge\) as a differential Hopf algebra. Furthermore, for \(N>2\), \(_u\Gamma^\wedge\) and \(_s\Gamma^\wedge\) are isomorphic differential Hopf algebras. The same isomorphism is true in the \(N=2\) case, provided \(\tau=+\) and \(z\neq\pm q^{-1},(q^2+1)/(q^4+1)\). However, if \(N=2\), \(\tau=+\) and \(z=\pm q^{-1}\) then \(_u\Gamma^\wedge\) is strictly larger than \(_s\Gamma^\wedge\).

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