Starting algorithms for implicit Runge-Kutta-Nyström methods (Q1294475)

The author presents a theoretical study on some algorithms for obtaining initial values to solve the algebraic system of internal stages of some implicit Runge-Kutta-Nyström methods. Order conditions for these algorithms, using Butcher-series, are obtained. The algorithms either require additional function evaluations or do not require new function evaluations. Special attention is devoted to starting algorithms for Runge-Kutta-Nyström methods induced by implicit Runge-Kutta formulas and for collocation Runge-Kutta methods.