Polynomials of minimal \(L_ \alpha\)-deviation, \(\alpha>0\) (Q1337048)

The Corollary 3.2 in this paper may be regarded as its main result which can be stated as the following theorem. Theorem. Denote by \(\pi_{n-1}\) the set of all algebraic polynomials of degree \(n-1\). Let \(\beta\geq -{1\over 2}\), \(\gamma\geq -{1\over 2}\) and \(\alpha>0\). Then the extremal problem \[ \min_{p\in \pi_{n-1}} \int^ 1_{-1} (1+ x)^ \beta (1- x)^ \gamma| x^ n+ p(x)|^ \alpha dx \] has unique solution \(p^*\). And \(x^ n+ p^*(x)\) has \(n\) simple zeros in \((-1,1)\). This shows the existence and uniqueness of the polynomial of minimal deviation in the metric of \(L_ \alpha\) with respect to the Jacobi weights \((1+ x)^ \beta(1- x)^ \gamma\), \(\beta\geq -{1\over 2}\), \(\gamma\geq- {1\over 2}\). When \(\beta, \gamma\geq 0\) this conclusion follows from the result of \textit{A. Kroó} and \textit{E. B. Saff} [Lond. Math. Soc. 37, 182-192 (1988; Zbl 0634.41024)] which applies to a general class of weights. In order to prove the theorem, the author first finds the following solution (Theorem 1.1) for an extremal problem concerning trigonometric functions: For \(\alpha_ i> 0\), \(i= 0,1,\dots,l\) there exists a unique \(s= (s_ 1,\dots, s_ l)\) such that \[ \Phi(s)= \min\bigl\{\Phi(t): t= (t_ 1,\dots, t_ l),\;-\pi\leq t_ 1\leq\cdots\leq t_ l\leq \pi\bigr\}, \] where \(\Phi(t)= \int^ \pi_{-\pi} \left|\cos{x\over 2}\right|^{\alpha_ 0} \prod^ l_{i=1} \left|\sin{x- t_ i\over 2}\right|^{\alpha_ i} dx\). And this \(s\) satisfies \(-\pi< s_ 1< \cdots< s_ l< \pi\). In solving this extremal problem an argument of topological degree of mappings is employed.