Residue construction of Hecke algebras (Q1362610)

Let \(A=(a_{ij})\) \((i,j=1, \dots,n)\) be a generalized Cartan matrix, \({\mathbf X}\) a free abelian group such that \(rk({\mathbf X}) +rk(A)=2n\), \({\mathbf X}^\nu =\Hom ({\mathbf X}, \mathbb{Z})\), \(\{\alpha_1, \dots, \alpha_n\} \subset {\mathbf X}\) simple roots with \(\langle \alpha_i^\nu, \alpha_j\rangle =a_{ij}\), wherein \(\{\alpha^\nu_1, \dots, \alpha^\nu_n\}\) are the simple co-roots and \(\langle\cdot, \cdot \rangle\) is the natural pairing \({\mathbf X}^\nu \times {\mathbf X} \to\mathbb{Z}\). Let \({\mathfrak g} (A)\) denote the Kac-Moody algebra associated to these root data. Then \(\mathbb{C} \otimes_\mathbb{Z} {\mathbf X}^\nu\) is a Cartan subalgebra of \({\mathfrak g} (A)\). Let \(R\subset {\mathbf X}\) be the set of roots, and \(W\) the Weyl group of \({\mathfrak g} (A)\); the group \(W\) is generated by the simple reflections \(s_i= s_{\alpha_i}\) \((i=1, \dots,n)\). Let \(R^{re} \subset R\) be the set of roots of the form \(w\alpha_i\) \((w\in W\), \(i=1, \dots,n)\). There is a decomposition \(R=R_+ \cup R_-\) into positive and negative roots. Put \(R_\pm^{re} =R^{re} \cap R_\pm\). Now let \({\mathfrak C}\) be a 1-dimensional algebraic group (written multiplicatively), and \(T={\mathfrak C} \otimes_\mathbb{Z} {\mathbf X}^\nu\). Let \(\mathbb{C}(T)\) be the field of rational functions on \(T\). For \(c\in {\mathfrak C}\) and \(x\in {\mathbf X}\), put \((c\otimes x)^\lambda =c^{\langle \lambda,x \rangle}\) for \(\lambda \in X^\nu\). Denote by \(t\mapsto t^\lambda\) the group homomorphism \({\mathfrak C} \otimes_\mathbb{Z} {\mathbf X}^\nu\to {\mathfrak C}\) so obtained. For \(\lambda\in {\mathbf X}^\nu\), \(q\in {\mathfrak C}\) denote by \(T_{\lambda,q}\) the divisor in \(T\) given by \(T_{\lambda,p} =\{t^\lambda =q\}\); put \(T_\lambda =T_{\lambda,1}\). \(W\) acts on \(T\) and on \({\mathbf X}^\nu\), and thus also on \(\mathbb{C}(T)\): \(f\mapsto {^wf}\) wherein \(^wf(t) =f(w^{-1} \cdot t)\). Consider the twisted group algebra \(\mathbb{C}(T) [W]\) obtained from the vector space \(\mathbb{C}(T) \otimes_\mathbb{C}\mathbb{C} [W]\) with the multiplication \[ (f_1 \otimes w_1) (f_2\otimes w_2) =(f_1\cdot {^wf_2}) \otimes w_1w_2,\;f_i \in \mathbb{C}(T),\;w_i\in W\;(i=1,2). \] Write \(f[w]\) instead of \(f\otimes w\). Let \(\widetilde {\mathbf H}\) be the \(\mathbb{C}\)-linear subspace in \(\mathbb{C}(T) [W]\) consisting of the elements \(\sum_{w\in W} f_w [W]\) such that: (1) Each \(f_w\) has no other singularities but first order poles at the divisors \(T_\alpha\) for a finite number of roots \(\alpha\in R_+^{re}\). (2) For every \(w\in W\) and \(\alpha \in R_+^{re}\) one has \(\text{Res}_{T_\alpha} (f_w)+ \text{Res}_{T_\alpha} (f_{s_\alpha w})=0\). Denote by \({\mathbf H}_q\) the subspace \(\subset \widetilde {\mathbf H}\) consisting of elements satisfying the further condition: (3) \(\alpha\in R_+^{re}\) and \(w^{-1} (\alpha)\in R_- \Rightarrow f_w=0\) on \(T_{\alpha,q}\). The authors prove Theorem 1.4. \(\widetilde {\mathbf H}\) and \({\mathbf H}_q\) are subalgebras in \(\mathbb{C}(T) [W]\). Put \(\sigma_i= ({qt^{\alpha_i} -q^{-1} \over t^{\alpha_i} -1})[s_i] -({q-q^{-1} \over t^{\alpha_i}- 1})[1]\). Then \(\sigma_i\in {\mathbf H}_q\) \((i=1, \dots,n)\). They are called Demazure-Lusztig operators. If \(w\in W\) has a reduced decomposition \(w= s_{i_1} \dots s_{i_k}\), put \(\sigma_w= \sigma_{i_1} \dots \sigma_{i_k}\); then \(\sigma_w\) depends on \(w\) only and not on the decomposition. In section 3 the action of the algebras \({\mathbf H}_q\) and \(\widetilde {\mathbf H}\) on the vector space \(\mathbb{C}[T]\), defined by the formula (2.1), is studied. If \(A\) is a Cartan matrix of finite type, then \(rk(A) =\dim T=n\), and \(W\) is a finite reflection group. The algebra \(\mathbb{C}[T]\) of regular functions on \(T\) is a free module over \(\mathbb{C}[T]^W\) (the subalgebra of \(W\)-invariants). Proposition 2.3. \(\widetilde {\mathbf H}= \text{End}_{\mathbb{C} [T]^W} \mathbb{C}[T]\). -- Theorem 2.5. Let \(A\) be an arbitrary Cartan matrix. Then \({\mathbf H}_q\) is a free left \(\mathbb{C}[T]\)-module with the basis \(\{\sigma_w,w\in W\}\). -- The authors describe a new algebro-geometric construction for affine and double affine Hecke algebras. Theorem 1.7. If \(A\) is of finite type, then \({\mathbf H}_q\) is isomorphic to the affine Iwahori-Hecke algebra associated to the transpose matrix \(A^t\). Theorem 1.8. If \(A\) is of affine type, then \({\mathbf H}_q\) is isomorphic to the double affine Cherednik algebra. -- These are obtained by taking \({\mathfrak C}= \mathbb{C}^\times\) in the construction. Finally, taking \({\mathfrak C}\) to be an elliptic curve, one gets elliptic analogues of the affine Hecke algebra. The algebro-geometric construction of the authors yields a new perspective regarding the results of \textit{B. Kostant} and \textit{S. Kumar} [Adv. Math. 62, 187-237 (1986; Zbl 0641.17008)] and \textit{A. Arabia} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 117, 129-165 (1989; Zbl 0706.57024)] on the equivariant cohomology of the flag varieties of a Kac-Moody group.