Congruence compact acts (Q1375880)

The author considers categories of left \(S\)-acts \(_SA\) where \(S\) is a monoid. A system of equations, i.e. a system of ``equation forms'' \(sx=tx\), \(sx=ty\) or \(sx=a\) where \(s,t\in S\), \(a\in{_SA}\) and \(x,y\in X\) are ``variables'' for some set \(X\), is (finitely) solvable if (for every finite subsystem) there exist elements from \(_SA\) which can replace the elements \(x\) and \(y\) turning the equation forms to equations in \(_SA\). The left \(S\)-Act \(_SA\) is called equationally (\(f\)-equationally, 1-equationally) compact if for every system of equations (every system of equations with finitely many variables, every system of equations with 1 variable) finitely solvable implies solvable. Congruence compact acts are defined analogously replacing ``equationally'' by ``congruence''. The paper contains the following results. Equivalent are (Proposition 2.3) (i) All finitely generated left \(S\)-acts are congruence compact, (ii) all cyclic generated left \(S\)-acts are congruence compact, (iii) \(_SS\) is congruence compact. In this case the monoid \(S\) is right quasiperiodic (Proposition 2.9), i.e. for all \(s\in S\) there exist \(\ell\in\mathbb{N}\) and \(x\in S\) such that \(s^\ell=xs^{\ell+1}\). Every congruence compact act over a commutative monoid is \(f\)-equationally compact (Proposition 2.12), in general congruence compactness does not imply 1-equational compactness (Example 2.11). If \(S\) is a monogenic monoid, then (ii) and (iii) reduce to ``\(S\) is finite'' (Corollary 3.4). Congruence compact group acts over a commutative group are exactly the finite direct sums of groups of the form \(C_{p^k}\) or \(C_{p^\infty}\) (Proposition 4.2). Over monogenic monoids or over commutative groups congruence and equational compactness are equivalent (Proposition 3.7 and Corollary 4.3).