\(J\)-inner matrix functions, interpolation and inverse problems for canonical systems. I: Foundations (Q1378136)

Inverse problems for canonical systems of differential equations of the form \[ {dy \over dx} (x,\lambda) =i\lambda y(x,\lambda) H(x)J \] were studied; \(y(x,\lambda)\) is a \(k \times m\) matrix valued function, \(H(x)\) the Hermitian of the system, \(J\) is a constant \(m \times m\) signature matrix. The study was concentrated on the classes of \(J\)-inner matrix valued functions. Connections with the bitangential interpolation problem in the Schur class and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces were analyzed. New characterizations of regular, singular, and strongly regular \(J\)-inner functions in terms of the associated reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces were given. Conditions for the general Schur interpolation problem (GSIP) to be completely indeterminate were derived. Special features of the GSIP in the homogeneous case were discussed. This paper is the first of a planned series of papers. Next papers will deal with other inverse problems. Some reproducing kernel formulas were derived for this future use.