On the Iwasawa \(\lambda_2\)-invariants of certain families of real quadratic fields (Q1382646)

In an earlier paper, K. Iwasawa observed that for a Galois-\(l\)-extension of number fields (\(l\) a fixed prime) \(K/k\), such that only one prime ramifies, the non-divisibility of the class number \(h(k)\) for \(k\) by \(l\) implies the same property for \(K\). So one can easily deduce from that the vanishing of the \(\lambda\) invariant in certain \({\mathbb Z}_l\)-extensions. The main result is a list of 5 different families of positive integers \(m\) so that \({\mathbb Q}(\sqrt m)\) or \({\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{2 m})\) has a \(\lambda_2\)-invariant which is 0 but not included in the trivial case. The proof uses for each family a different argument from previous papers by \textit{Y. Yamamoto} [Osaka J. Math. 21, 1-22 (1984; Zbl 0535.12002)], \textit{T. Fukuda} [Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. A 70, 264-266 (1994; Zbl 0823.11064)] and \textit{R. Greenberg} [Am. J. Math. 98, 263-284 (1976; Zbl 0334.12013)].