The signed and minus \(k\)-subdomination numbers of comets (Q1382823)

An undirected graph \(G\) with vertex set \(V\) is considered. For each \(v\in V(G)\) the symbol \(N_G[v]\) denotes the set consisting of \(v\) and all vertices adjacent to \(v\) in \(G\). A signed \(k\)-subdominating function on \(G\) is a mapping \(f:V \to \{-1,1\}\) with the property that for at least \(k\) vertices \(v\) of \(G\) the sum of values of \(f\) in all vertices of \(N_G [v]\) is at least 1. Analogously a minus \(k\)-subdominating function on \(G\) is defined. The definitions differ in the fact that in this case \(f:V\to \{-1,0,1\}\). The sum of values of \(f\) in all vertices of \(G\) is denoted by \(f(V)\). The minimum of \(f(V)\) taken over all signed (or minus) \(k\)-subdominating functions on \(G\) is the signed (or minus respectively) \(k\)-subdomination number of \(G\). A comet \(C_{s,t}\) is the tree obtained by identifying the centre of a star with \(s\) edges with a terminal vertex of a path of length \(t\). The values of the signed \(k\)-subdomination number and the minus \(k\)-subdomination number of \(C_{s,t}\) in terms of \(k,s,t\) are found.