Eigenvalues of the reference operator and semiclassical resonances (Q1406359)

Let \(L(h)\) be a selfadjoint operator formally given by an expression \(\sum_{|\nu|\leq 2} a_\nu(x,h)(hD_x)^\nu\) with \(a_\nu(x,h)\) independent of \(h\) for \(|\nu|=2\) and \(a_\nu\in C_b^\infty({\mathbb R}^n)\) uniformly bounded with respect to \(h\). Moreover, uniform ellipticity is assumed. The reference operator \(L^{\#}(h)\) related to \(L(h)\) is defined in the following way. Let \(R_0>0, R > R_0\) and \(\phi\in C_0^\infty(B(0,R)), \phi(x)=1\) near \(\overline{B(0,R_0)}\). Consider the differential operator \(Q^{\#}=\sum_{|\nu|\leq 2} a_\nu^{\#}(x,h)(hD_x)^\nu\) on \(T_R=({\mathbb R}/\widetilde{R}{\mathbb Z})^n\), \(\widetilde{R}>2R\) with \(a_\nu^{\#}(x,h)=a_\nu(x,h)\) for \(|x|\leq R\). \[ L^{\#}(h)u = L\phi u + Q^{\#}(1-\phi)u. \] It is proved that the estimate of the number of eigenvalues in intervals \([\lambda - \delta, \lambda + \delta]\), \(0 < {h\over C} \leq \delta \leq C\), of \(L^{\#}(h)\) is equivalent to the estimate of the integral over \([\lambda - \delta, \lambda + \delta]\) of the sum of harmonic measures associated to the resonances of \(L(h)\) lying in a complex neighborhood of \(\lambda > 0\) and the number of the positive eigenvalues of \(L(h)\) in \([\lambda - \delta, \lambda + \delta]\). Application to the Breit-Wigner approximation of the derivative of the spectral shift function near critical energy levels is included.