Projections of Jordan bi-Poisson structures that are Kronecker, diagonal actions, and the classical Gaudin systems. (Q1406473)

The author gives a new method for constructing completely integrable systems by Poisson reduction of certain bi-Hamiltonian structures. Applying this method to a bi-Hamiltonian structure on a direct product of coadjoint orbits of a Lie group, the author recovers the classical Gaudin system. The starting point of the method is a dull micro-Jordan bi-Hamiltonian system. Recall that a bi-Hamiltonian system (i.e., a two-parameter pencil of Poisson structures) is called micro-Jordan if almost every Poisson structure in the pencil is nondegenerate almost everywhere. If, moreover, the first integrals of the system are constant functions, the system is referred to as dull. Another type of bihamiltonian structures is the micro-Kronecker structure, distinguished by the property that the corresponding pencil consists of degenerate bivectors of constant rank almost everywhere. The Jordan and Kronecker structures are the irreducible building blocks of general bi-Hamiltonian systems. Even though dull Jordan structures are trivial from the point of view of integrable systems (there first integrals are constants), it turns out that in some cases the simultaneous Poisson reduction of two symplectic forms generating such a structure can produce a Kronecker structure, which has a complete family of functions in involution. The author considers a free Hamiltonian action of a Lie group on a manifold with a dull micro-Jordan structure and gives a necessary and sufficient condition for the Poisson reduction of such a system to produce a Kronecker structure. The main example is the diagonal action of a Lie group on the product of coadjoint orbits in the dual of its Lie algebra, with the bi-Hamiltonian structure whose first generator is the product of the standard Kirillov-Kostant symplectic forms on the coadjoint orbits. Pursuing this example, the author obtains the classical Gaudin system, and describes a class of Lie algebras for which the resulting system is completely integrable.