A class of sums of squares with a given Poisson-Trèves stratification (Q1407757)

The authors consider a sum-of-squares operator \[ P= \sum^3_{J=1} X^2_J(x,D), \] with \(x= (x_1,x_2,x_3)\) and analytic vector fields \(X_J\), satisfying the Hörmander condition at the step \(q\geq 1\) and additional geometric assumptions. Essentially: the characteristic manifold \(\Sigma\) is symplectic of codimension 2, the vector fields are linearly independent outside the projection of \(\Sigma\) and, finally, considering the Poisson stratifications, we still obtain \(\Sigma\) till the step \(p\), and \(\Gamma\) of codimension 1 in \(\Sigma\) till the step \(q\), \(1\leq p\leq q\) . After giving a careful geometric analysis, under suitable changes of variables the authors find three types of operators \(P\) of the preceding form, having distinct microlocal structures. For one of these having as model \[ P= D^2_1+ x^{2(p- 1)}_1 D^2_2+ x^{2(q-1)}_1 D^2_3, \] they prove Gevrey hypoellipticity of order \(s\geq p/q\) by a priori estimates.