On some center-like subsets of groups. (Q1415112)

\textit{G. A. Freiman} [Aequationes Math. 22, 140-152 (1981; Zbl 0489.20020)], proved that if \(G\) is a group with the property that for each \(a,b\in G\), \(\{a,b\}^2=|\{a^2,ab,ba,b^2\}|\leq 3\), then either \(G\) is Abelian or \(G=Q\times E\), where \(Q\) is the quaternion group and \(E\) is an elementary Abelian 2-group. The authors of the paper under review motivated by this result, define the Freiman center \(\text{Fr}(G)\) to be the set \(\{a\in G\mid|\{a,x\}^2|\leq 3\;\forall x\in G\}\). It is obvious that the center of a group \(G\), \(Z(G)\), is a subset of \(\text{Fr}(G)\). The main theorem on \(\text{Fr}(G)\) is: Theorem 2.8. For any group \(G\), one of the following is true: (i) \(\text{Fr}(G)=Z(G)\); (ii) \(\text{Fr}(G)=G\); (iii) \(\text{Fr}(G)=Z(G)\cup aZ(G)\) for any \(a\in\text{Fr}(G)\setminus Z(G)\). The authors also consider another similar subset \(\widehat{\text{Fr}}(G)\) of a group \(G\), called strong Freiman center of \(G\), which consists of all elements \(a\in G\) such that \(|\{a,x\}^2|\leq 2\) for all \(x\in G\). It is proved that (Theorem 3.1) if \(G\) is any group, one of the following holds: (i) \(\widehat{\text{Fr}}(G)=\emptyset\); (ii) \(G=\{1\}\); (iii) \(G\) is an elementary Abelian \(2\)-group. In the last section of the paper under review, the authors for a group \(G\) and a fixed positive integer \(n\), consider the following subsets: \[ T_n(G)=\{x\in G\mid xS=Sx\text{ for every }n\text{-subset }S\text{ of }G\} \] and \[ T_\infty(G)=\{x\in G\mid xS=Sx\text{ for every infinite subset }S\text{ of }G\}. \] It is proved that (Theorem 4.1) if \(G\) is a group with \(| G|>n\), then \(T_n(G)=Z(G)\); and if \(G\) is any infinite group, \(T_\infty(G)=Z(G)\). As corollary (Corollary 4.2) for any group \(G\) and any \(n\leq 5\), \(T_n(G)=Z(G)\). The proofs involve only the consideration of various subsets related to these defined subsets in groups.