Iwasawa theory for extensions with restricted \(p\)-ramification (Q1429190)

For a number field \(K\) and a prime number \(p,\) let \(T\) be a subset of the set \(S\) of \(p\)-primes of \(K\) and \(\mathcal Y_T\) be the \(T\)-ramified (i.e. unramified outside \(T)\) Iwasawa module attached to the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_p\)-extension of \(K\). This paper deals mainly with the \(\wedge\)-rank of \(\mathcal Y_T\). For \(T = \emptyset\) or \(S\), this is a classical problem and the answer is completely known. For \(p \not= 2\) and \(T \not= S\), the answer is also known for CM fields by \textit{J.-F. Jaulent} and \textit{C. Maire} [Can. Math. Bull. 46, No. 2, 178--190 (2003; Zbl 1155.11353)]. Here the author gives bounds for the \(\wedge\)-rank of \(\mathcal Y_T\) in the case of a relative Galois extension \(K/k\) such that \(K\) is linearly disjoint from the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_p\)-extension of \(k\). A lower bound comes ``easily'' from class field theory. An upper bound is obtained by applying the methods of Ax and Brumer: first give a lower bound for the \(\mathbb Z_p\)-rank of the closure of the group \(E_K\) of global units inside the semi-local units, which has also been done by \textit{C. Maire} [J. Number Theory 92, 376--404 (2002; Zbl 1026.11084)] in terms of the degrees of the absolutely irreducible characters of \(\text{Gal}(K/k)\) which appear in the representation space \(E_K \otimes \overline{\mathbb Q}\); then use the injectivity of the \(p\)-adic log map \(E_K \otimes \overline{\mathbb Q} \longrightarrow \mathbb C_p\) (a result of Brumer) and class field theory to get the desired upper bound for the \(\wedge\)-rank of \(\mathcal Y_T\). But note that this bound is weaker than the classical result in the case \(T = \emptyset\) or \(S\).