Stability and the Fourier-Mukai transform. I (Q1434516)

Let \((X,H)\) be a polarized \(K3\) (resp., abelian) surface, \(Y\) a smooth projective surface which is a fine moduli space of vector bundles on \(X\), \(\mu \)-stable with respect to \(H\), and let \(\mathcal E\) be the universal vector bundle on \(X\times Y\). In this case, \(Y\) is \(K3\) (resp., abelian) too, and the Fourier-Mukai transform \(Rp_{Y*}(p_X^*(-)\otimes \mathcal E) : D(X)\rightarrow D(Y)\) is an equivalence of triangulated categories. Moreover, using the determinant bundle construction, one can associate to \(H\) a polarization \(\hat H\) on \(Y\). Assume that \(\mathcal E| \{ x\} \times Y\) is \(\mu \)-stable with respect to \(\hat H\), \(\forall x\in X\). One can consider the following question : let \(F\) be a vector bundle on \(X\) satisfying \(\text{IT}_i\) for some \(0\leq i\leq 2\), i.e., such that \(\text{H}^j(F\otimes (\mathcal E| X\times \{ y\} )) = 0\) for \(j \neq i\), \(\forall y\in Y\). If \(F\) is \(\mu \)-stable with respect to \(H\), does it follow that \(R^ip_{Y*}(p_X^*F\otimes \mathcal E)\) is \(\mu \)-stable with respect to \(\hat H\) ? The author constructs examples showing that the answer to this question is negative, in both the \(K3\) and the abelian case. In the examples for the \(K3\) case, \(X\) has \(\text{Pic}X = {\mathbb Z}H\) with \(kH\) very ample for some \(k>0\), embedding \(X\) into a projective space \({\mathbb P} = {\mathbb P}^N\), \(Y = X\) and \(\mathcal E\) is the vector bundle on \(X\times X\) with the property that \(\mathcal E| X\times \{ x\} \) is the kernel of the evaluation map \(\text{H}^0(I_x(kH))\otimes {\mathcal O}_X\rightarrow I_x(kH)\) and \(\mathcal E| \{ x\} \times X\) is the kernel of the natural epimorphism \({\Omega}_{\mathbb P}(1)| X\rightarrow I_x\). In the examples for the abelian case, \(X\) has \(\rho (X)\geq 2\), \(Y\) is the dual abelian surface \(\hat X\) and \(\mathcal E\) is the Poincaré line bundle on \(X\times \hat X\).