Twisted Hopf algebras, Ringel-Hall algebras, and Green's categories (Q1585312)

The authors introduce the notion of `twisted Hopf algebras' as a variant of Hopf algebras and study some basic properties. The unique difference between a twisted Hopf algebra and a Hopf algebra is that the comultiplication \(\delta\colon A\to A\otimes A\) is an algebra homomorphism, not for the componentwise multiplication on \(A\otimes A\), but for the twisted multiplication given by Lusztig's rule. A twisted Hopf algebra shares some basic properties of a Hopf algebra. For the Hopf algebra structure of a quantum group, not all existing Hopf operations are closed inside \(U^+\), where \(U^+\) is the positive part of the Drinfeld-Jimbo quantized enveloping algebra \(U\) of type \((\Delta,d)\), \(\Delta\) being an arbitrary symmetrizable generalized Cartan matrix with symmetrization \(d\). The underlying idea to introduce the notion of twisted Hopf algebra is to explore a candidate for a `nearly' Hopf algebra structure inside \(U^+\). To show that there is good supply of twisted Hopf algebras, the authors prove that any object \(A\) in Green's category has a twisted Hopf algebra structure. Moreover, they show that any morphism between objects, is a twisted Hopf algebra homomorphism, the antipode \(S\) of \(A\) is selfadjoint under the Lusztig form on \(A\) and the Green polynomials share a cyclic symmetry.