Observability analysis of two closed-loop guidance systems with bearings-only measurements (Q1586541)

The missile-target system dynamics is modeled by two material points \(M\) and \(T\), moving in the plane \(Oxy\) and having accelerations \(A_M, A_T\) of known structure. The angle \(\sigma(t)=\arctan R_y(t)/R_x(t)\), included between the vector \(R=MT\) and the axis \(Ox\), can be measured really. Further, instead of \(\sigma(t)\) only pseudo-measurements \(Y(t)=[\tan\sigma(t), -1, 0,\dots, 0]X(t)\) are studied, which are linear in the system state vector \(X=[R_x, R_y, \dots]\). Corresponding observability conditions are presented for the cases of a non-maneuvering target (\(A_T=\text{const}\)) and a maneuvering target. These conditions are applied to the observability analysis with two special control acceleration laws, known as the true proportional navigation (TPN) and the additive observable proportional navigation (AOPN). It is emphasized, that the AOPN-based guidance provides a better system observability, than the TPN counterpart.