Non-solvable differential modules. Radii of convergence and indexes (Q1589925)

The first part of this paper is devoted to the proof of one of Dwork's conjectures. Let \( I \) be an interval contained in \( ]0,\infty[\), let \( K \) be an algebraically closed non archimedean field of characteristics \( (0,p) \) and let \( {\mathcal H}(I) \) be the ring of analytic elements with coefficients in \( K \) over the annulus \( \{|x|\in I\}\). Given an \( {\mathcal H}(I)\)-differential module \( {\mathcal M}\) [namely a free \( {\mathcal H}(I)\)-module of finite rank endowed with an action of the derivation \( D=d/dx\)] for each \( r \) in \( I \) one can define the generic radius of convergence \( R({\mathcal M},r) \) [namely \( \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\|D^{n}/n!\|_{r} \) where \( \|.\|_{r} \) is the operator norm on \( {\mathcal M}\sim{\mathcal H}(I)^{\mu} \) when \( {\mathcal H}(I) \) is endowed with the norm \( |f|_{r}=\max_{|x|=r}|f(x)|\)]. The function \( r\mapsto R({\mathcal M},r) \) is shown to have a polygonal graph when using logarithmic coordinates : the key point is that this polygon has only a finite number of sides. An example is given showing that the result is no longer true when replacing analytic elements by analytic functions. The second part of the paper computes the generalized index of \( {\mathcal M }\) over the ring \( {\mathcal A}(r) \) of analytic functions over the disk \( \{|x|<r\}\). The formula conjectured by Robba is proved to be widely true. Unfortunately, for apparently technical reasons, there are still particular cases where the formula cannot be proved.