On direct sums of extending modules and internal exchange property (Q1602015)

Throughout the paper \(R\) is a ring with identity and all modules considered are unitary right \(R\)-modules. For a submodule \(N\) of a module \(M\), \(N\subseteq_eM\) denotes the fact that \(N\) is an essential submodule of \(M\). A module \(M\) is called extending or CS if any submodule of \(M\) is essential in a direct summand of \(M\). A module \(M\) is called quasi-continuous if it is a CS-module with the following condition: \((C_3)\) If \(M_1\) and \(M_2\) are direct summands of \(M\) such that \(M_1\cap M_2=0\), then \(M_1\oplus M_2\) is a direct summand of \(M\). It is said that \(P\) is CS for \(P=\bigoplus_IM_i\) if for any submodule \(X\) of \(P\) there exists a decomposition \(P=X^*\oplus\bigoplus_IM_i'\) with \(X\subseteq_eX^*\) and \(M_i'\subseteq M_i\). Let \(M\) and \(N\) be modules. \(M\) is said to be generalized \(N\)-injective if for any submodule \(X\) of \(N\) and any homomorphism \(\varphi\colon X\to M\), there exist decompositions \(N=\overline N\oplus\overline{\overline N}\), \(M=\overline M\oplus\overline{\overline M}\), a homomorphism \(\overline{\varphi}\colon\overline N\to\overline M\) and a monomorphism \(\psi\colon\overline{\overline M}\to\overline{\overline N}\) satisfying the following properties: (*) \(X\subseteq\overline N\oplus\psi(\overline{\overline M})\). (**) For \(x\in X\subseteq N=\overline N\oplus\overline{\overline N}\), expressed as \(x=\overline x\oplus\overline{\overline x}\) for some \(\overline x\in\overline N\) and \(\overline{\overline x}\in\overline{\overline N}\), we have \(\varphi(x)=\overline\varphi(\overline x)+\overline{\overline\varphi}(\overline{\overline x})\), where \(\overline{\overline\varphi}=\psi^{-1}\). The main results are the following: Let \(M_1,\dots,M_n\) be CS-modules and put \(P=M_1\oplus\cdots\oplus M_n\) (\(n>1\)). Then: (1) \(P\) is CS for \(P=M_1\oplus\cdots\oplus M_n\) if and only if \(M_i\) is generalized \(\bigoplus_{j\neq i}M_j\)-injective for any \(i\in\{1,\dots,n\}\) and, if and only if \(\bigoplus_{j\neq i}M_j\) is generalized \(M_i\)-injective for any \(i\in\{1,\dots,n\}\). (2) \(P\) is CS for its finite direct sum decomposition if and only if each \(M_i\) is CS for its finite direct sum decomposition, \(M_i\) is generalized \(\bigoplus_{j\neq i}M_j\)-injective for any \(i\in\{1,\dots,n\}\), if and only if each \(M_i\) is CS for its finite direct sum decomposition, and \(\bigoplus_{j\neq i}M_j\) is generalized \(M_i\)-injective for any \(i\in\{1,\dots,n\}\). (3) When each \(M_i\) is a quasi-continuous module, \(P\) is CS for \(P=M_1\oplus\cdots\oplus M_n\) if and only if \(M_i\) is generalized \(M_j\)-injective for \(i\neq j\).