Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian surfaces in \(\mathbb{C}^2\) (Q1607499)

Let \(\mathbb{C}^2\) be the complex \(2\)-space with complex coordinates \(z^k=x^k+iy^k\), \(k=1,2\), \(\omega=\sum_{k=1}^{2}dx^k\land dy^k\) the symplectic \(2\)-form on \(\mathbb{C}^2\), \(\langle\;,\;\rangle\) the canonical scalar product on \(\mathbb{C}^2\) and \(J\) the unique complex structure on \(\mathbb{C}^2\) such that \(\omega(z^1,z^2)=\langle Jz^1,z^2\rangle\), \(\forall z^1,z^2\in \mathbb{C}^2\). An oriented Lagrangian surface \(\Sigma\) in \(\mathbb{C}^2\), that is an immersed surface on which the restriction of \(\omega\) vanishes, is called Hamiltonian stationary if \(\delta \mathcal A_{\Sigma}(X)=0\) for any compactly supported Hamiltonian vector field \(X\) on \(\mathbb{C}^2\) (i.e. \(X=-J\nabla h\) for some compactly supported real smooth function \(h\) on \(\mathbb{C}^2\)), where \(\mathcal A\) denotes the area functional. The authors show that the construction of conformal immersions of Hamiltonian stationary simply connected surfaces is equivalent to solving three simple linear PDE's. Then they are in the position to describe explicitly all weakly conformal Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian tori. The authors identify known examples (the standard torus and the surfaces of \textit{I. Castro} and \textit{F. Urbano} [Compos. Math. 111, No. 1, 1-14 (1998; Zbl 0896.53039)]) and put in evidence other ones. Loop groups and twisted loop groups are introduced and various Riemannian-Hilbert and Birkhoff-Grothendieck decomposition results are proved. Using ideas of \textit{J. Dorfmeister, F. Pedit} and \textit{H.-Y. Wu} [Commun. Anal. Geom. 6, No. 4, 633-668 (1998; Zbl 0932.58018)], a Weierstrass type representation is established. This together with the use of ideas originated in the theory of completely integrable systems [see \textit{F. Burstall, D. Ferus, F. Pedit} and \textit{U. Pinkall}, Ann. Math. (2) 138, No. 1, 173-212 (1993; Zbl 0796.53063)] allows to prove that, for Hamiltonian stationary conformal immersions of tori, the set of solutions splits into a countable union of finite dimensional vector spaces.