Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian surfaces in C^2

DOI10.4310/CAG.2002.V10.N1.A5MaRDI QIDQ1607499zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Frédéric Hélein, Pascal Romon

Publication date 16 March 2003

Published in Communications in Analysis and Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0009202

zbMATH Keywords

conformal Lagrangian immersionfinite type solutionHamiltonian stationary (\(H\)-minimal)Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian torusholomorphic potentialLagrangian surfaceloop grouppolynomial loopsymmetry groupsymplectic Euclidean affine \(4\)-spacetwisted loop groupWeierstrass representation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Loop groups and related constructions, group-theoretic treatment (22E67) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (37K25) Differential geometry of immersions (minimal, prescribed curvature, tight, etc.) (53C42) Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index (53D12)

Abstract: We study Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian surfaces in C^2, i.e. Lagrangian surfaces in C^2 which are stationary points of the area functional under smooth Hamiltonian variations. Using loop groups, we propose a formulation of the equation as a completely integrable system. We construct a Weierstrass type representation and produce all tori through either the integrable systems machinery or more direct arguments.

Review text

Let \(\mathbb{C}^2\) be the complex \(2\)-space with complex coordinates \(z^k=x^k+iy^k\), \(k=1,2\), \(\omega=\sum_{k=1}^{2}dx^k\land dy^k\) the symplectic \(2\)-form on \(\mathbb{C}^2\), \(\langle\;,\;\rangle\) the canonical scalar product on \(\mathbb{C}^2\) and \(J\) the unique complex structure on \(\mathbb{C}^2\) such that \(\omega(z^1,z^2)=\langle Jz^1,z^2\rangle\), \(\forall z^1,z^2\in \mathbb{C}^2\). An oriented Lagrangian surface \(\Sigma\) in \(\mathbb{C}^2\), that is an immersed surface on which the restriction of \(\omega\) vanishes, is called Hamiltonian stationary if \(\delta \mathcal A_{\Sigma}(X)=0\) for any compactly supported Hamiltonian vector field \(X\) on \(\mathbb{C}^2\) (i.e. \(X=-J\nabla h\) for some compactly supported real smooth function \(h\) on \(\mathbb{C}^2\)), where \(\mathcal A\) denotes the area functional. The authors show that the construction of conformal immersions of Hamiltonian stationary simply connected surfaces is equivalent to solving three simple linear PDE's. Then they are in the position to describe explicitly all weakly conformal Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian tori. The authors identify known examples (the standard torus and the surfaces of \textit{I. Castro} and \textit{F. Urbano} [Compos. Math. 111, No. 1, 1-14 (1998; Zbl 0896.53039)]) and put in evidence other ones. Loop groups and twisted loop groups are introduced and various Riemannian-Hilbert and Birkhoff-Grothendieck decomposition results are proved. Using ideas of \textit{J. Dorfmeister, F. Pedit} and \textit{H.-Y. Wu} [Commun. Anal. Geom. 6, No. 4, 633-668 (1998; Zbl 0932.58018)], a Weierstrass type representation is established. This together with the use of ideas originated in the theory of completely integrable systems [see \textit{F. Burstall, D. Ferus, F. Pedit} and \textit{U. Pinkall}, Ann. Math. (2) 138, No. 1, 173-212 (1993; Zbl 0796.53063)] allows to prove that, for Hamiltonian stationary conformal immersions of tori, the set of solutions splits into a countable union of finite dimensional vector spaces.

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