The numerical range of a nonnegative matrix (Q1611872)

The authors present an almost self-contained development of Perron-Frobenius type results for the numerical range of an (irreducible) nonnegative matrix, rederiving and completing the previous works of \textit{J. N. Issos} [The field of values of nonnegative irreducible matrices, Ph.D. thesis, Auburn University (1966)], \textit{P. Nylen} and \textit{T. Y. Tam} [Linear Algebra Appl. 153, 161-176 (1991; Zbl 0731.15016)], and \textit{B. S. Tam} and \textit{S. Yang} [ibid. 302-303, 193-221 (1999; Zbl 0951.15022)] on this topic. The obtained results allow the authors to solve the open problem of characterizing nonnegative matrices whose numerical ranges are regular polygons centered at the origin.