An algebra model for the higher-order sum rules (Q1615983)

The author studies orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle and properties of their Verblunsky coefficients (for background material the reader is referred to [\textit{B. Simon}, Orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. Part 1: Classical theory. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2005; Zbl 1082.42020)]). \par The author is specifically interested in finding a necessary and sufficient condition on the Verblunsky coefficients to imply that \[ \int_0^{2\pi}\,\prod_{j=1}^K\,\left(1-\cos{(\theta-\theta_j)}\right)^{m_j}\log{w(\theta)}d\theta>-\infty.\tag{1} \] (Here $\mu$ is a probability measure on the unit circle with infinitely many points in its support with Verblunsky coefficients $(\alpha_n)_n$ and $d\mu(\theta)=w(\theta)\frac{d\theta}{2\pi}+d\mu_s$, with $d\mu_s$ singular with respect to $\mu$.) \par For $K=1$ it was conjectured by Simon [loc. cit.] and \textit{M. Lukic} [Constr. Approx. 38, No. 1, 161--169 (2013; Zbl 1283.42040)] that (1) is equivalent to \[ \left(S-e^{-i\theta_1}\right)^{m_1}\alpha\in\ell^2\text{ and }\alpha\in\ell^{2m_1+2}.\tag{2} \] The main result of the paper is formulated in an algebra setting and reads as follows: \par Theorem 1.6. The polynomials $G_{2k}'\in\tilde{\mathcal{A}}_{2k}$ and $G_{2k}\in{\mathcal{A}}_{2k}$ have the same image under $\tilde{\psi}_{2k}$ resp. $\psi_{2k}$, where \[ G_{2k}(x_1,y_1,\ldots,x_k,y_k)=\frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{Z_H} \sum_{l=1}^d \left(h_l\sum_{D_{2k,l}}\prod_{p=1}^k\,x_p^{i_p}y_p^{j_p}+h_{-l}\sum_{D_{2k,l}}\prod_{p=1}^k\,y_{p-1}^{i_p}x_p^{j_p}\right)\left(\prod_{i\in [k]}x_iy_i\right)^d, \] \[ G_{2k}'=\frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{Z_H} \sum_{1\leq p\leq q}\,\frac{H(a_{k,p}b_{k,q})}{\prod_{s\in [k]\setminus \{p\}}\,(1-\frac{a_{k,s}}{a_{k,p}})\,\prod_{t\in [k]\setminus \{q\}}\,(\frac{b_{k,q}}{b{k,t}}-1)}-\frac{1}{k}. \] (\textit{In view of the `normal' length of a review it is not possible to give the quantities used explicitly.}) \par Moreover, it is also proved that \par Theorem 1.14. For $K=1$ and arbitrary $m_1\in Z_+$: (2) implies (1). \par The layout of the paper is as follows: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] Introduction (6 pages) -- a thorough overview of the work on the subject and the main results are stated in this section \item[2.] Proof of the Verblunsky coefficients part (3 pages) \item[3.] Proof of the algebra part (4 pages) \item[4.] Proof of the sum rules part (6 pages) \item[] References (19 items) \end{itemize}