Hamiltonian pseudo-rotations of projective spaces (Q1628413)

The authors say that a Hamiltonian pseudo rotation of a closed symplectic manifold \((M^{2n},\omega)\) should be a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism \(\phi\) with finite and minimal possible number of periodic points, and the periodic points are the fixed points. In general, minimal possible number is ambiguous. But if \(M\) is \(\mathbb{CP}^n\), the minimal number is known to be \(n+1\). Hence a pseudo-rotation of \(\mathbb{CP}^n\) is defined to be a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism with \(n+1\) periodic points (Definition1.1). Then, applying Floer theory, the following theorems are proved: Theorem 1.2. No fixed point of a pseudo-rotation of \(\mathbb{CP}^n\) is isolated as an invariant set. Theorem 1.3. Let \(\phi\) be a pseudo-rotation of \(\mathbb{CP}^n\) and let \(L\subset \mathbb{CP}^n\) be a closed Lagrangian submanifold admitting a metric without contractible closed geodesics. Then \(\phi^k(L)\cap L\not=\emptyset\) for infinite many \(k\in\mathbb{N}\). Theorem 1.4. For every pseudo-rotation \(\phi\) of \(\mathbb{CP}^n\) with exponentially Liouville mean index vector \(\overrightarrow{\bigtriangleup}\), there exists a sequence \(k_i\to \infty\) such that \(\phi_{k_i}\xrightarrow{C^0}\mathrm{id}\). In this paper these theorems are proved assuming \(M\) to be a strictly monotone symplectic manifold, that is \([\omega]|_{\pi_2(M)}\not=0\). Then, by the equivalence \(A\cong A'\) if and only if \(\omega(A)=\omega(A')\) on \(\pi_2(M)\), a Novikov ring \(\Gamma\cong\mathbb{Z}\) over \(M\) is introduced, and set q=\(e^{A_0}\). Here \(A_0\) is the generator of \(\Gamma\) with \(\langle c_1(TM),A\rangle=N\), \(N\) the Chern number of \(M\). Then Theorem 1.2 follows. Theorem 4.2. Let \(M^{2n}\) be a strictly monotone symplectic manifold. Assume that the minimal Chern number \(N\geq n+1\), and \[ \alpha\ast\beta=\mathrm{q}[M], \] in \(HQ_\ast(M)\) for some homology elements \(\alpha\in H_\ast(M)\) and \(\beta\in H_\ast(M)\) with \(|\alpha|\leq n\) and \(|\beta|\leq n\). Let \(\phi\) be a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism of \(M\) with a contractible periodic orbit \(x\) which is isolated as an invariant set and such that HF\((x^k)\not= 0\) for all \(k\in\mathbb{N}\). Then \(\phi\) has infinitely many periodic points. The authors remark that there are no known examples other than \(\mathbb{CP}^n\) that satisfy assumptions of Theorem 4.2. The proof of Theorem 4.2 hinges on a technical results generalizing Theorem 3.1 of the authors [Duke Math. J. 163, No. 3, 565--590 (2014; Zbl 1408.53112)], and asserting the energy of a Floer trajectory asymptotic to \(x^k\) and crossing a fixed isolating neighborhood of bounded from below by a constant independent of \(k\) (\S6, the last section). Then, introducing the homological capacity \(c_{\mathrm{hom}}(U)=\mathrm{sup}_F\gamma(\phi_F)\), \(F\) range through all Hamiltonians \(F\) supported in \(S^1\times U\), and evaluating by using \(c_{\mathrm{hom}}(L)\) (Theorem 5.8, Corollary 5.9)), Theorem 1.3 is proved. Theorems 1.3 and 1.4 are proved in \S5. Where under suitable conditions, convergence to identity of a sequence of iterations \(\phi^{k_i}\) of a pseudo-rotation under the appropriate metric (\(\gamma\)-metric, explained in \S5.1.) is proved (Theorem 5.1.) Corollary 5.2. They use the fact that the \(\gamma\)-metric takes a simpler form on \(\mathbb{CP}^n\) by virtue of the Poincaré duality is holds Floer homology). Theorem 1.4 is proved by showing that under suitable conditions on the mean index vector \(\overrightarrow{\bigtriangleup}\) (explained in \S3); exponential Liouville (Definition 5.14), \(\gamma\)-convergence in Corollary 2 can be replaced by \(C^0\)-convergence (Theorem 5.16). As preliminaries, global and local Floer homology and Cap product are reviewed in \S2. Some known symplectic topological results on pseudo-rotations of \(\mathbb{CP}^n\), mainly taken from [the authors, Geom. Topol. 13, No. 5, 2745--2805 (2009; Zbl 1172.53052; the author and \textit{E. Kerman}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2010, No. 1, 53--68 (2010; Zbl 1254.53113)], are presented in \S3.